Sharp EL-506W Handleiding

Sharp Rekenmachine EL-506W

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ENGLISH

INTRODUCTION

Thank you for purchasing the SHARP Scientific Calculator Model

EL-506W/546W.

About the calculation examples (including some formulas and

tables), refer to the reverse side of this English manual. Refer to

the number on the right of each title in the manual for use.

After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for

future reference.

Note: Some of the models described in this manual may not be

available in some countries.

Operational Notes

• Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it

may break when you sit down. The display is made of glass

and is particularly fragile.

• Keep the calculator away from extreme heat such as on a car

dashboard or near a heater, and avoid exposing it to exces-

sively humid or dusty environments.

• Since this product is not waterproof, do not use it or store it

where fluids, for example water, can splash onto it. Raindrops,

water spray, juice, coffee, steam, perspiration, etc. will also

cause malfunction.

• Clean with a soft, dry cloth. Do not use solvents or a wet cloth.

• Do not drop it or apply excessive force.

• Never dispose of batteries in a fire.

• Keep batteries out of the reach of children.

• This product, including accessories, may change due to up-

grading without prior notice.

NOTICE

• SHARP strongly recommends that separate permanent

written records be kept of all important data. Data may be

lost or altered in virtually any electronic memory product

under certain circumstances. Therefore, SHARP assumes

no responsibility for data lost or otherwise rendered unusable

whether as a result of improper use, repairs, defects, battery

replacement, use after the specified battery life has expired,

or any other cause.

• SHARP will not be liable nor responsible for any incidental or

consequential economic or property damage caused by

misuse and/or malfunctions of this product and its peripherals,

unless such liability is acknowledged by law.

♦Press the RESET switch (on the back), with the tip of a ball-

point pen or similar object, only in the following cases. Do not

use an object with a breakable or sharp tip. Note that pressing

the RESET switch erases all data stored in memory.

• When using for the first time

• After replacing the batteries

• To clear all memory contents

•

When an abnormal condition occurs and all keys are inoperative.

If service should be required on this calculator, use only a SHARP

servicing dealer, SHARP approved service facility, or SHARP

repair service where available.

Hard Case

DISPLAY

•

During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time.

• Certain inactive symbols may appear visible when viewed from

a far off angle.

• Only the symbols required for the usage under instruction are

shown in the display and calculation examples of this manual.

Appears when the entire equation cannot be displayed.

Press

to see the remaining (hidden) section.

xy/r

:Indicates the mode of expression of results in the com-

plex calculation mode.

:Indicates that data can be visible above/below the

screen. Press to scroll up/down the view.[ ]/

2ndF : Appears when @ is pressed.

HYP : Indicates that h has been pressed and the hyper-

bolic functions are enabled. If are pressed,@H

the symbols “ ” appear, indicating that inverse2ndF HYP

hyperbolic functions are enabled.

PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE / IMPRESO EN CHINA

04CGK (TINSE0719EHZZ)

EL-506W

EL-546W

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

OPERATION MANUAL

MODEL

ALPHA :

Appears when (STAT VAR), K O R or is pressed.

FIX/SCI/ENG: Indicates the notation used to display a value.

DEG/RAD/GRAD: Indicates angular units.

:Appears when matrix mode is selected.

:Appears when list mode is selected.

:Appears when statistics mode is selected.

M : Indicates that a value is stored in the independent memory.

Indicates that the calculator is waiting for a numerical

value to be entered, such as during simulation calculation.

:Appears when the calculator shows an angle as the result

in the complex calculation mode.

i:Indicates an imaginary number is being displayed in the

complex calculation mode.

BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR

Key Notation Used in this Manual

In this manual, key operations are described as follows:

To specify ex:@e

To specify ln : I

To specify F : Kü

Functions that are printed in orange above the key require to@

be pressed first before the key. When you specify the memory,

press K first. Numbers for input value are not shown as keys,

but as ordinary numbers.

Power On and Off

Press ª to turn the calculator on, and @F to turn it off.

Clearing the Entry and Memories

Operation Entry M A-F, X,Y STAT*1matA-D*3

(Display) F1-F4 ANS STAT VAR*2L1-4*4

ª× × × ×

@c ×

Mode selection ×

@∏00*5

@∏10*6

RESET switch

: Clear × : Retain

*1Statistical data (entered data).

*2x¯, sx,

x n, ,

, ¯y, sy,

y2,

xy, r a b c, , , .

*3Matrix memories (matA, matB, matC and matD)

*4List memories (L1, L2, L3 and L4)

*5All variables are cleared.

*6This key combination functions the same as the RESET switch.

[Memory clear key]

Press @∏ to display the menu.

•To clear all variables (M, A-F, X, Y, ANS,

F1-F4, STAT VAR, matA-D, L1-4), press or 00 0

®.

•To RESET the calculator, press 10 1® or .

The RESET operation will erase all data stored in memory, and

restore the calculator s default setting.’

Entering and Correcting the Equation

[Cursor keys]

•Press < > or to move the cursor. You can also return to

the equation after getting an answer by pressing > (<).

See the next section for using the and keys.[ ]

• ‘ ’See SET UP menu for cursor use in the SET UP menu.

[Insert mode and Overwrite mode in the Equation display]

•Pressing @‘ switches between the two editing modes:

insert mode (default); and overwrite mode. A triangular cursor

indicates that an entry will be inserted at the cursor, while the

rectangular cursor indicates to overwrite preexisting data as you

make entries.

•To insert a number in the insert mode, move the cursor to the

place immediately after where you wish to insert, then make a

desired entry. In the overwrite mode, data under the cursor will

be overwritten by the number you enter.

•The mode set will be retained until the next RESET operation.

[Deletion key]

•To delete a number/function, move the cursor to the number/

function you wish to delete, then press . If the cursor isd

located at the right end of an equation, the key will functiond

as a back space key.

Multi-line Playback Function

Previous equations may be recalled in the normal mode. Equations

also include calculation ending instructions such as and a maxi-“ ”=

mum of 142 characters can be stored in memory. When the memory

is full, stored equations are deleted in the order of the oldest first.

Pressing [ will display the previous equation. Further pressing

[ will display preceding equations (after returning to the previ-

ous equation, press to view equations in order). In addition,]

@[ can be used to jump to the oldest equation.

•The multi-line memory is cleared by the following operations:

@c, mode change, RESET, N-base conversion and memory

clear (@∏).

Priority Levels in Calculation

Operations are performed according to the following priority:

Q Fractions (1l4, etc.) , engineering prefixes FunctionsW ∠E

preceded by their argument (x -1

, x 2, n!, etc.) R Y x, x

¿ T Implied

multiplication of a memory value (2Y, etc.) Y Functions followed by

their argument (sin, cos, etc.) Implied multiplication of a functionU

MEM

RESET

(2sin30, etc.) OR, XOR, XNORI O P C P n r, n r ×, ÷ +, AND – { }

q =, M+, M–, ⇒ → θ →M, | | |DEG, RAD, GRAD, DATA, CD, r , xy

and other calculation ending instructions

•If parentheses are used, parenthesized calculations have prec-

edence over any other calculations.

INITIAL SET UP

Mode Selection

m0: Normal mode (NORMAL)

m1: Statistic mode (STAT)

m2: Equation mode (EQN)

m3: Complex number mode (CPLX)

m4: Matrix mode (MAT)

m5: List mode (LIST)

SET UP menu

Press ” to display the SET UP menu.

•A menu item can be selected by:

•moving the flashing cursor by using

><, then pressing ® = ( key), or

•pressing the number key corresponding to the menu item number.

•If or is displayed on the screen, press or to[ ]

view the previous/next menu screen.

•Press ª to exit the SET UP menu.

[Determination of the Angular Unit]

The following three angular units (degrees, radians, and grads) can

be specified.

• °DEG ( ) : Press ”00.

•RAD (rad) : Press ”01.

•GRAD (g) : Press ”02.

[Selecting the Display Notation and Decimal Places]

Four display notation systems are used to display calculation re-

sults: Floating point; Fixed decimal point; Scientific notation; and

Engineering notation.

•When the FIX, SCI, or ENG symbol is displayed, the number of decimal

places (TAB) can be set to any value between 0 and 9. Displayed

values will be reduced to the corresponding number of digits.

[Setting the Floating Point Numbers System in Scientific Notation]

Two settings are used to display a floating point number: NORM1

(default setting) and NORM2. A number is automatically displayed

in scientific notation outside a preset range:

•NORM1: 0.000000001 ≤ ≤ x 9999999999

•NORM2: 0.01 ≤ ≤ x 9999999999

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS

•Press m0 to select the normal mode.

•In each example, press ª to clear the display. If the FIX, SCI,

or ENG indicator is displayed, clear the indicator by selecting

‘ ’NORM1 from the SET UP menu.

Arithmetic Operations

•The closing parenthesis ) = ; just before or may be

omitted.

Constant Calculations

•In constant calculations, the addend becomes a constant. Sub-

traction and division are performed in the same manner. For

multiplication, the multiplicand becomes a constant.

•In the constants calculations, constants will be displayed as K.

Functions

•Refer to the calculation examples of each function.

•Before starting calculations, specify the angular unit.

Differential/Integral Functions

Differential and integral calculations are only available in the nor-

mal mode. For calculation conditions such as the x

value in differ-

ential calculation or the initial point in integral calculation, only

numerical values can be entered and equations such as 22 cannot

be specified. It is possible to reuse the same equation over and

over again and to recalculate by only changing the conditions with-

out re-entering the equation.

•Performing a calculation will clear the value in the X memory.

•

When performing a differential calculation, enter the formula first and

then enter the x value in differential calculation and the minute interval

(dx). If a numerical value is not specified for minute interval,

≠0 will be



×10

–5

and

=0 will be 10

–5

from the value of the numeric derivative.

•When performing an integral calculation, enter the formula first

and then enter a range of integral ( ) and subintervals (n). If aa, b

numerical value is not specified for subintervals, calculation will

be performed using n=100.

Since differential and integral calculations are performed based on

the following equations, correct results may not be obtained, in

certain rare cases, when performing special calculations that con-

tain discontinuous points.

Integral calculation (Simpson s rule):’

S= )+4{ )+ +3 )+ +(N 1) )}—h a{ (ƒ ƒ( +a h ƒ(a h ······+ (ƒa–h

+2{ +2 )+ +4 )+ +(N 2) )}+ )}ƒ(a h ƒ(a h ······+ (ƒa–h f b(

Differential calculation:

[When performing integral calculations]

Integral calculations, depending on the integrands and subintervals

included, require longer calculation time. During calculation, “Calculat-

ing!” will be displayed. To cancel calculation, press ª. Note that

there will be greater integral errors when there are large fluctuations in

DRG

FSE

TA B

0 1

Exponent

Equation→

Display

Mantissa

←Symbol

f x f x( + )–– – (– ––)

f x’( )=————————

N=2n













h=b a–

a x b≤ ≤

3——

the integral values during

minute shifting of the inte-

gral range and for periodic

functions, etc., where posi-

tive and negative integral

values exist depending on

the interval.

For the former case, divide

integral intervals as small

as possible. For the latter

case, separate the positive and negative values. Following these

tips will allow results of calculations with greater accuracy and will

also shorten the calculation time.

Random Function

The Random function has four settings for use in the normal, statis-

tics, matrix and list modes. (This function cannot be selected while

using the N-Base function.) To generate further random numbers in

succession, press ®. Press to exit.ª

•The generated pseudo-random number series is stored in memory

Y. Each random number is based on a number series.

[Random Numbers]

A pseudo-random number, with three significant digits from 0 up to

0.999, can be generated by pressing @`0®.

[Random Dice]

To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be

generated by pressing @`1®.

[Random Coin]

To simulate a coin flip, 0 (head) or 1 (tail) can be randomly gener-

ated by pressing @`2®.

[Random Integer]

An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by press-

ing @`3®.

Angular Unit Conversions

Each time

are pressed, the angular unit changes in sequence.

Memory Calculations

Mode ANS M, F1-F4 A-F, X,Y

NORMAL

STAT × ×

EQN ×× ×

CPLX ×

MAT ×

LIST ×

: Available × : Unavailable

[Temporary memories (A-F, X and Y)]

Press O and a variable key to store a value in memory.

Press R and a variable key to recall a value from the memory.

To place a variable in an equation, press and a variable key.K

[Independent memory (M)]

In addition to all the features of temporary memories, a value can

be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value.

Press ªOM to clear the independent memory (M).

[Last answer memory (ANS)]

The calculation result obtained by pressing = or any other

calculation ending instruction is automatically stored in the last

answer memory. A Matrix/List format result is not stored.

[Formula memories (F1-F4)]

Formulas up to 256 characters in total can be stored in F1 - F4.

(Functions such as sin, etc., will be counted as one letter.) Storing

a new equation in each memory will automatically replace the

existing equation.

Note:

•Calculation results from the functions indicated below are auto-

matically stored in memories X or Y replacing existing values.

•Random function .......... Y memory

•→ θ → θr, xy ........................ X memory (r x or ), Y memory ( or y)

•Use of R K or will recall the value stored in memory using

up to 14 digits.

Chain Calculations

•The previous calculation result can be used in the subsequent

calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple

instructions or when the calculation result is in Matrix/List format.

•When using postfix functions (¿ , sin, etc.), a chain calculation is

possible even if the previous calculation result is cleared by the

use of the keys.ª or @c

Fraction Calculations

Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed

using fractions, and conversion between a decimal number and a

fraction.

•If the number of digits to be displayed is greater than 10, the

number is converted to and displayed as a decimal number.

Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal

Operations (N-Base)

Conversions can be performed between N-base numbers. The four

basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses and

memory calculations can also be performed, along with the logical

operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR and XNOR on binary, pental,

octal and hexadecimal numbers.

Conversion to each system is performed by the following keys:

@ê (“ ” appears.), @û (“ ” appears.), @î

(“ ” “ ” “ ” “ ” “ ” appears.), @ì ( appears.), @í ( , ,

and “ ” disappear.)

Note: The hexadecimal numbers A – F are entered by pressing

ß ™ L ÷ l I, , , , , and , and displayed

as follows:

A → ï, B → ∫, C → ó, D → ò, E → ô, F → ö

In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional

parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having a frac-

tional part is converted into a binary, pental, octal, or hexadeci-

mal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when

the result of a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal calculation

includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In

the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative num-

bers are displayed as a complement.

Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal Calculations

Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be

performed, and, while using sexagesimal numbers, conversion to

seconds and minutes notation. The four basic arithmetic opera-

tions and memory calculations can be performed using the

sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows:

Coordinate Conversions

•Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit.

•The calculation result is automatically stored in memories X

and Y.

• •Value of r x or : X memory Value of θ or y: Y memory

Calculations Using Physical Constants

See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side.

A constant is recalled by pressing followed by the numberß

of the physical constant designated by a 2-digit number.

The recalled constant appears in the display mode selected with

the designated number of decimal places.

Physical constants can be recalled in the normal mode (when not

set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equa-

tion mode, matrix mode and list mode.

Note: Physical constants and metric conversions are based either

on the 2002 CODATA recommended values or 1995 Edi-

tion of the Guide for the Use of the International System of“

Units (SI)” released by NIST (National Institute of Stand-

ards and Technology) or on ISO specifications.

Metric Conversions

See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side.

Unit conversions can be performed in the normal mode (when not

set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equa-

tion mode, matrix mode and list mode.

No. Constant

01 Speed of light in vacuum

Newtonian constant of gravitation

Standard acceleration of gravity

04 Electron mass

05 Proton mass

06 Neutron mass

07 Muon mass

08 Atomic mass unit-kilogram

relationship

09 Elementary charge

10 Planck constant

11 Boltzmann constant

12 Magnetic constant

13 Electric constant

14 Classical electron radius

15 Fine-structure constant

16 Bohr radius

17 Rydberg constant

18 Magnetic flux quantum

19 Bohr magneton

20 Electron magnetic moment

21 Nuclear magneton

22 Proton magnetic moment

23 Neutron magnetic moment

24 Muon magnetic moment

25 Compton wavelength

26 Proton Compton wavelength

27 Stefan-Boltzmann constant

No. Constant

28 Avogadro constant

29 Molar volume of ideal gas

(273.15 K, 101.325 kPa)

30 Molar gas constant

31 Faraday constant

32 Von Klitzing constant

Electron charge to mass quotient

34 Quantum of circulation

35 Proton gyromagnetic ratio

36 Josephson constant

37 Electron volt

38 Celsius Temperature

39 Astronomical unit

40 Parsec

41 Molar mass of carbon-12

42 Planck constant over 2 pi

43 Hartree energy

44 Conductance quantum

45 Inverse fine-structure constant

46 Proton-electron mass ratio

47 Molar mass constant

48 Neutron Compton wavelength

49 First radiation constant

50 Second radiation constant

51 Characteristic impedance of

vacuum

52 Standard atmosphere

degree second

minute

↔

P ( ,x y )

P (r,

)

Rectangular coord. Polar coord.

No. Remarks

1 in : inch

2 cm : centimeter

3 ft : foot

4 m : meter

5 yd : yard

6 m : meter

7 mile : mile

8 km : kilometer

9 n mile : nautical mile

10 m : meter

11 acre : acre

12 m2: square meter

13 oz : ounce

14 g : gram

15 lb : pound

16 kg : kilogram

17 °F : Degree Fahrenheit

18 °C : Degree Celsius

19 gal (US) : gallon (US)

20 l: liter

21 gal (UK) : gallon (UK)

22 l: liter

No. Remarks

23 fl oz(US): fluid ounce(US)

24 ml: milliliter

25 fl oz(UK): fluid ounce(UK)

26 ml: milliliter

27 J : Joule

28 cal : calorie

29 J : Joule

30 cal15 : Calorie (15n°C)

31 J : Joule

32 calIT : I.T. calorie

33 hp : horsepower

34 W : watt

35 ps : French horsepower

36 W : watt

38 Pa : Pascal

39 atm : atmosphere

40 Pa : Pascal

41 (1 mmHg = 1 Torr)

42 Pa : Pascal

44 J : Joule

1 3

x x

• Calculation ranges

±10 ~ ±9.999999999×10

Calculations Using Engineering Prefixes

Calculation can be executed in the normal mode (excluding N-

base) using the following 9 types of prefixes.

Modify Function

Calculation results are internally obtained in scientific notation

with up to 14 digits for the mantissa. However, since calculation

results are displayed in the form designated by the display nota-

tion and the number of decimal places indicated, the internal

calculation result may differ from that shown in the display. By

using the modify function, the internal value is converted to match

that of the display, so that the displayed value can be used

without change in subsequent operations.

Solver Function

The x value can be found that reduces an entered equation to “0”.

• This function uses Newton's method to obtain an approxima-

tion. Depending on the function (e.g. periodic) or start value, an

error may occur (Error 2) due to there being no convergence to

the solution for the equation.

• The value obtained by this function may include a margin of

error. If it is larger than acceptable, recalculate the solution

after changing ‘Start’ and dx values.

• Change the ‘Start’ value (e.g. to a negative value) or valuedx

(e.g. to a smaller value) if:

• no solution can be found (Error 2).

• more than two solutions appear to be possible (e.g. a cubic

equation).

• to improve the arithmetic precision.

• The calculation result is automatically stored in the X memory.

[Performing Solver function]

Q Press m0.

W Input a formula with an x variable.

E Press ∑0.

R Input ‘Start’ value and press ®. The default value is “0”.

T Input dx value (minute interval).

Y Press ®.

SIMULATION CALCULATION (ALGB)

If you have to find a value consecutively using the same formula,

such as plotting a curve line for 2x2 + 1, or finding the variable for

2x + 2y =14, once you enter the equation, all you have to do is to

specify the value for the variable in the formula.

Usable variables: A-F, M, X and Y

Unusable functions: Random function

• Simulation calculations can only be executed in the normal

mode.

•

Calculation ending instructions other than

cannot be used.

Performing Calculations

QPress m0.

WInput a formula with at least one variable.

EPress @≤.

RVariable input screen will appear. Input the value of the flashing

variable, then press to confirm. The calculation result will®

be displayed after entering the value for all used variables.

• Only numerical values are allowed as variables. Input of

formulas is not permitted.

• Upon completing the calculation, press to per-@≤

form calculations using the same formula.

• Variables and numerical values stored in the memories will

be displayed in the variable input screen. To change a

numerical value, input the new value and press ®.

• Performing simulation calculation will cause memory loca-

tions to be overwritten with new values.

STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS

Press m1 to select the statistics mode. The seven statisti-

cal calculations listed below can be performed. After selecting the

statistics mode, select the desired sub-mode by pressing the

number key corresponding to your choice.

To change statistical sub-mode, reselect statistics mode (press

m1), then select the required sub-mode.

0 (SD) : Single-variable statistics

1 (LINE) : Linear regression calculation

2 (QUAD) : Quadratic regression calculation

3 (EXP) : Exponential regression calculation

4 (LOG) : Logarithmic regression calculation

5 (PWR) : Power regression calculation

6 (INV) : Inverse regression calculation

The following statistics can be obtained for each statistical calcu-

lation (refer to the table below):

Single-variable statistical calculation

Statistics of and value of the normal probability functionQ

Linear regression calculation

Statistics of and and, in addition, estimate of for a givenQ W y

x y x y x (estimate ´) and estimate of for a given (estimate ´)

Exponential regression, Logarithmic regression,

Power regression, and Inverse regression calculation

Statistics of and . In addition, estimate of for a given andQ W y x

estimate of for a given . (Since the calculator converts eachx y

formula into a linear regression formula before actual calculation

takes place, it obtains all statistics, except coefficients and a b,

from converted data rather than entered data.)

Quadratic regression calculation

Statistics of and and coefficients in the quadraticQ W a, , b c

regression formula ( = + + y a bx cx2). (For quadratic regression

calculations, no correlation coefficient ( ) can be obtained.) Whenr

there are two values, press x´@≠.

When performing calculations using and , only one numerica, b c

value can be held.

x xMean of samples ( data)

sx Sample standard deviation (x data)

x xPopulation standard deviation ( data)

nNumber of samples

x xSum of samples ( data)

x2Sum of squares of samples (x data)

y yMeans of samples ( data)

sy Sample standard deviation (y data)

y yPopulation standard deviation ( data)

y ySum of samples ( data)

y2Sum of squares of samples (y data)

xy Sum of products of samples ( , )x y

rCorrelation coefficient

aCoefficient of regression equation

bCoefficient of regression equation

cCoefficient of quadratic regression equation

•Use K R and to perform a STAT variable calculation.

Data Entry and Correction

Entered data are kept in memory until or mode selec-@c

tion. Before entering new data, clear the memory contents.

[Data Entry]

Single-variable data

Data

frequency

(To enter multiples of the same data)

Two-variable data

Data

frequency

k (To enter multiples

of the same data and x y.)

•Up to 100 data items can be entered. With the single-variable

data, a data item without frequency assignment is counted as

one data item, while an item assigned with frequency is stored as

a set of two data items. With the two-variable data, a set of data

items without frequency assignment is counted as two data items,

while a set of items assigned with frequency is stored as a set of

three data items.

[Data Correction]

Correction prior to pressing immediately after a data entry:k

Delete incorrect data with , then enter the correct data.ª

Correction after pressing k:

Use [] to display the data previously entered.

Press ] to display data items in ascending (oldest first)

order. To reverse the display order to descending (latest first),

press the [ key.

Each item is displayed with ‘Xn=’, ‘Yn=’ ‘, or Nn=’ (n is the sequen-

tial number of the data set).

Display the data item to modify, input the correct value, then

press k. Using &, you can correct the values of the data

set all at once.

•To delete a data set, display an item of the data set to delete,

then press . The data set will be deleted.@J

•To add a new data set, press ª and input the values, then

press k.

Statistical Calculation Formulas

In the statistical calculation formulas, an error will occur when:

•The absolute value of the intermediate result or calculation result

is equal to or greater than 1 × 10

100.

•The denominator is zero.

•An attempt is made to take the square root of a negative number.

•No solution exists in the quadratic regression calculation.

Normal Probability Calculations

•P(t t t), Q( ), and R( ) will always take positive values, even when

t<0, because these functions follow the same principle used

when solving for an area.

Values for P( ), Q( ), and R( ) are given to six decimal places.t t t

SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS

Simultaneous linear equation with two unknowns (2-VLE) or with

three unknowns (3-VLE) may be solved using this function.

Q 2-VLE: m20

W 3-VLE: m21

•If the determinant D = 0, an error occurs.

•If the absolute value of an intermediate result or calculation result

is 1 × 10100 or more, an error occurs.

•Coefficients ( a1, etc.) can be entered using ordinary arithmetic

operations.

•To clear the entered coefficients, press @c.

•Pressing ® when the determinant D is in the display recalls

the coefficients. Each time is pressed, a coefficient is®

displayed in the order of input, allowing the entered coefficients

to be verified (by pressing , coefficients are displayed@®

in reverse order.) To correct a particular coefficient being dis-

played, enter the correct value and then press ®.

QUADRATIC AND CUBIC EQUATION SOLVERS

Quadratic (ax2 + bx + c = 0) or cubic (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0) equation

may be solved using this function.

Q Quadratic equation solver: m22

W Cubic equation solver: m23

•Press ® after entering each coefficient.

•The result will be displayed by pressing ® after entering all

coefficients. When there are more than 2 results, the next solu-

tion will be displayed.

• “ ”When the result is an imaginary number, xy symbol will appear.

The display can be switched between imaginary and real parts

by pressing @≠.

COMPLEX NUMBER CALCULATIONS

To carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using

complex numbers, press m3 to select the complex number

mode.

Results of complex number calculations are expressed in two modes:

Q@}: Rectangular coordinate mode (x y appears.)

W@{: Polar coordinate mode (

appears.)

Complex number entry

QRectangular coordinates

x-coordinate

y-coordinate

x-coordinate

+ Ü

y-coordinate

WPolar coordinates

r: absolute value θ: argument

•On selecting another mode, the imaginary part of any complex

number stored in the independent memory (M) will be cleared.

•A complex number expressed in rectangular coordinates with the

y-value equal to zero, or expressed in polar coordinates with the

angle equal to zero, is treated as a real number.

•Press ∑0 to return the complex conjugate of the speci-

fied complex number.

MATRIX CALCULATIONS

This function enables the saving of up to 4 matrices (4 rows x 4

columns) for calculations. Press to enter the matrix mode.m4

•Matrix data must be entered prior to making calculations. Press-

ing [ ]/ will display the matrix edit buffer along with .

Enter the value of each item ( , and then each‘ROW , COLUMN’ ‘ ’

element, e.g. ) and press after each. After enter-‘MAT1,1’k

ing all items, press , then press and specifyª °2

matA-D to save the data.

•To edit data saved in matA-D, press °1 and specify

matA-D to recall the data to the matrix edit buffer. After editing,

press ª, then press °2 and specify matA-D to save

the data.

•Before performing calculations, press ª to close the matrix

edit buffer.

•When results of calculations are in the matrix format, the matrix

edit buffer with those results will be displayed. (At this time, you

cannot return to the equation.) To save the result in matA-D,

press ª, then press °2 and specify matA-D.

•Since there is only one matrix edit buffer, the previous data will

be overwritten by the new calculation.

•In addition to the 4 arithmetic functions (excluding divisions be-

tween matrices), x3, x2, and x–1, the following commands are

available:

LIST CALCULATIONS

This function enables the saving of up to 4 lists of 16 elements for

calculations. Press to enter the list mode.m5

•List data must be entered prior to making calculations. Pressing

[ ]/ will display the list edit buffer along with . Enter

the value of each item ( , and then each element, e.g.‘SIZE’

‘ ’LIST1 ) and press k after each. After entering all items,

press ª, then press °2 and specify L1-4 to save the

Prefix Operation Unit

k (kilo) ∑10 103

M (Mega) ∑11 106

G (Giga) ∑12 109

T (Tera) ∑13 1012

m (milli) ∑14 10–3

µ (micro) ∑15 10–6

n (nano) ∑16 10–9

p (pico) ∑17 10–12

f (femto) ∑18 10–15

Type Regression formula

Linear y = a + bx

Exponential y = a e •bx

Logarithmic y = a + b x • ln

Power y = a x •b

Inverse y = a + b —

Quadratic y = a + bx + cx2

Returns a matrix with dimensions changed as

specified.

fill(

value,row,column

) Fills each element with a specified value.

cumul

matrix name

Returns the cumulative matrix.

Appends the second matrix to the first matrix as new

columns. The first and second matrices must have

the same number of rows.

identity

value

Returns the identity matrix with specified value of

rows and columns.

rnd_mat(

row,column

) Returns a random matrix with specified values of

rows and columns.

det

matrix name

Returns the determinant of a square matrix.

trans

matrix name

Returns the matrix with the columns transposed to

rows and the rows transposed to columns.

Creates lists with elements from the left column of each

matrix. (matA→L1, matB L2, matC L3, matD→ → →L4)

Mode changes from matrix mode to list mode.

Creates lists with elements from each column of the

matrix. (matA L1, L2, L3, L4)→

Mode changes from matrix mode to list mode.

aug(

matrix name,

matrix name

)

dim(

matrix name,

row,column

)

mat list→

( )∑5

matA list→

( )∑6

Product specificaties

Merk:	Sharp
Categorie:	Rekenmachine
Model:	EL-506W
Gewicht:	97 g
Soort:	Financiële rekenmachine
Vormfactor:	Pocket
Afmetingen (B x D x H):	79.6 x 154.5 x 13.2 mm
Type batterij:	LR44