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Energy Management

110011110000110101010100 011010

Manual for the Use of

Peak Load Optimizing Systems U1500

€

Manual for the Use of Peak Load Optimizing Systems

Preface

Consumption costs for energy sources such as electrical power, gas and district heating, which are billed as a rule based

upon measured power values, can frequently be reduced significantly with only minimal technical efforts. It is precisely

for this reason that in-house energy management should include an assessment for determining whether or not the use

of modern load optimizing systems is practical and efficient.

Detailed knowledge regarding the power supply contract conditions offered by various utility companies, utilized

process sequences and how they can be influenced, and existing equipment and how it is controlled, is necessary for the

preparation of an optimization concept.

This manual is intended to provide decision makers and system technicians with a tool for discovering potential

savings, and for evaluating the efficiency of an optimizing system.

GMC-I MESSTECHNIK GMBH

Südwestpark 15

90449 Nürnberg; Germany

Phone: +49 911 / 8602-0

www.gossenmetrawatt.com

Table of Contents

1 BASICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 T S C CARIFFS FOR PECIAL ONTRACTS USTOMERS .................................................................................................. 3

2 OPTIMIZING SYSTEMS ........................................................................................................................................ 6

2.1 R AANGE OF PPLICATIONS .................................................................................................................................... 6

2.2 TECHNOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................................... 6

3 FACILITY ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................................... 10

3.1 A T S C BNALYZING THE ARIFF CHEDULE AND ONSUMPTION ILLING .................................................................... 11

3.2 A I P L CNALYZING THE MPORT ROFILE AND THE OAD URVE ................................................................................ 11

3.3 E AQUIPMENT NALYSIS ....................................................................................................................................... 13

3.4 D R P SETERMINING EALISTIC OTENTIAL AVINGS ................................................................................................. 14

4 TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................................... 15

4.1 I CNSTALLING THE OMPONENTS .......................................................................................................................... 15

4.2 S P E P UIGNALS ROVIDED BY THE LECTRICAL OWER TILITY ................................................................................ 15

4.3 B C CUS AND ONTROL ABLES .............................................................................................................................. 16

4.4 R E EETROFITTING XISTING QUIPMENT ................................................................................................................ 16

4.5 D M F S T C P OEMAND ANAGEMENT AS A IRST TEP OWARDS OMPREHENSIVE LANT PTIMIZATION ......................... 16

5 CALCULATING AMORTIZATION TIME ........................................................................................................ 16

6 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................................ 16

APPENDIX A TARIFF / CONSUMPTION CHECKLIST .................................................................................. 17

APPENDIX B EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST .......................................................................................................... 18

APPENDIX C ECONOMY CHECKLIST ............................................................................................................. 20

Manual for the Use of Peak Load Optimizing Systems

1 Basics

1.1 Tariffs for Special Contracts

Customers

As a rule, the billing price invoiced to electrical utility

customers with special contracts differentiates between

kilowatt-hour rates for energy consumption (in cents

per kWh), and demand rates for maximum power

demand (in € per kW).

There are thus two different ways to reduce overall

costs: by reducing energy costs and power costs:

1. Reduced energy costs can only be achieved by

permanently diminishing superfluous energy

consumption, or by shifting energy import from

high tariff periods to the less expensive low tariff

periods. Savings can also be realized through the

use of more economical production equipment.

Potential savings of this type have already been

taken advantage of to a great extent in many cases,

or are economically impractical due to the large

investments which would be required. Any further

reduction of energy costs would influence the

production process and the product, which cannot

be tolerated as a rule.

2. Reduced power costs can be achieved by leveling

off energy import by controlling production

equipment such that pronounced “chargeable

demand peaks” are avoided. This short-term

redistribution of imported energy is executed

automatically by means of so-called energy

management systems. Due to the fact that energy

import is generally only postponed for a few

minutes by the load optimizing process (i.e. energy

is not reduced), the effects on the production

process are usually imperceptibly minimal.

However, the customer must have a suitable import

profile to achieve savings of this sort, and the

concept and the utilized system must be ideally

matched to one another. In this case, power costs

can be significantly reduced by means of just a few

short, targeted interventions at the right point in

time, i.e. considerable savings can be achieved.

Individual customer import profiles determine

kilowatt-hour and demand rates.

In order to better understand the various factors which

play a role in load optimization, we must first take a

closer look at several physical relationships, as well as

the billing practices of the power utilities.

Active energy E (usually measured in kWh) and active

power P (usually measured in kW) demonstrate the

following relationships:

P = E / ΔT or E = P * ΔT

Power is thus consumed energy per specified time

period ΔT.

The following figure depicts the so-called “import

profile” (daily load curve) of a special contract

customer.

Power costs (symbolized by the red bar) are

determined based upon the highest demand peak

(usually measured as a 15 minute mean value) which

occurs during the billing period.

Energy costs (symbolized by the green bar) are

proportional to the green surface area: The larger the

surface area, the more energy has been consumed, i.e.

the more energy has been used in the manufacturing

process.

Power

1.1

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.2

0.4

00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 00:00

in MW

Import Profile

Chargeable demand Consumed energy

The power utility must be able to cover the customer’s

maximum power demands at all times, and must

therefore provide capacity (i.e. cables, transformers

and power plants) according to the customer’s greatest

intermittent power requirement, in order to prevent

short-term machine stoppages or blackouts at the

customer’s facility. As the above depicted profile

shows, capacity made available for the customer

(which is associated with great expense) goes to waste

most of the time.

The customer is required to order standby energy so

that the power utility is able to determine how much

capacity it will have to place at the disposal of the

special customer, and must make a proportionate

capital contribution to network costs for this service.

Special customers are thus not all equal where the

power utility is concerned. Customers with high power

demands and low energy consumption cause higher

costs in making power available than customers who

demonstrate uniform energy import.

The import profile of the “ideal customer” is shown in

the figure below:

Product specificaties

Merk:	Gossen Metrawatt
Categorie:	Meetapparatuur
Model:	U1500

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