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HRPWM with Fine Edge

Placement

dsPIC33/PIC24 Family Reference Manual

Introduction

Note: This family reference manual section is meant to serve as a complement to device data sheets. Depending on

the device variant, this manual section may not apply to all dsPIC33 devices. Please consult the note at the

beginning of the chapter in the specific device data sheet to check whether this document supports the device you

are using.

Device data sheets and family reference manual sections are available for download from the Microchip Worldwide

Website at: www.microchip.com.

This document describes the features and use of the High-Resolution Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) with Fine Edge

Placement. This flexible module provides features to support many types of Motor Control (MC) and Power Control

(PC) applications, including:

• AC-to-DC Converters

• DC-to-DC Converters

• AC and DC Motor Control: Brushed DC, BLDC, PMSM, ACIM, SRM, Stepper, etc.

• Inverters

• Battery Chargers

• Digital Lighting

• Power Factor Correction (PFC)

High-Level Features

• Up to Eight Independent PWM Generators, each with Dual Outputs

• Operating modes:

– Independent Edge PWM mode

– Variable Phase PWM mode

– Independent Edge PWM mode, Dual Output

– Center-Aligned PWM mode

– Double Update Center-Aligned PWM mode

– Dual Edge Center-Aligned PWM mode

• Output modes:

– Complementary

– Independent

– Push-Pull

• Dead-Time Generator

• Dead-Time Compensation

• Leading-Edge Blanking (LEB)

• Output Override for Fault Handling

• Flexible Period/Duty Cycle Updating Options

• PWM Control Inputs (PCI) for PWM Pin Overrides and External PWM Synchronization

• Advanced Triggering Options

• Combinatorial Logic Output

• PWM Event Outputs

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Table of Contents

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

High-Level Features....................................................................................................................................... 1

1. Registers................................................................................................................................................. 5

2. Register Maps......................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1. Common Functions Register Map................................................................................................7

2.2. PWM Generator Register Map................................................................................................... 21

3. Architecture Overview...........................................................................................................................51

4. Operation.............................................................................................................................................. 54

4.1. PWM Clocking............................................................................................................................54

4.2. PWM Generator (PG) Features..................................................................................................59

4.3. Common Features......................................................................................................................95

4.4. Lock and Write Restrictions......................................................................................................100

5. Application Examples..........................................................................................................................105

5.1. Six-Step Commutation of Three-Phase BLDC Motor...............................................................105

5.2. Three-Phase Sinusoidal Control of PMSM/ACIM Motors.........................................................114

5.3. Simple Complementary PWM Output.......................................................................................117

5.4. Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit Mode..........................................................................................118

5.5. External Period Reset Mode.................................................................................................... 120

6. Interrupts............................................................................................................................................. 123

7. Operation in Power-Saving Modes..................................................................................................... 124

7.1. Operation in Sleep Mode..........................................................................................................124

7.2. Operation in Idle Mode............................................................................................................. 124

8. Related Application Notes...................................................................................................................125

9. Revision History.................................................................................................................................. 126

9.1. Revision A (August 2017).........................................................................................................126

9.2. Revision B (February 2018)..................................................................................................... 126

9.3. Revision C (February 2019)..................................................................................................... 126

9.4. Revision D (December 2020)................................................................................................... 126

The Microchip Website...............................................................................................................................128

Product Change Notification Service..........................................................................................................128

Customer Support...................................................................................................................................... 128

Microchip Devices Code Protection Feature..............................................................................................128

Legal Notice............................................................................................................................................... 129

Trademarks................................................................................................................................................ 129

Quality Management System..................................................................................................................... 130

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Worldwide Sales and Service.....................................................................................................................131

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

1. Registers

There are two categories of Special Function Registers (SFRs) used to control the operation of the PWM module:

• Common, shared by all PWM Generators

• PWM Generator-specific

An ‘x’ in the register name denotes an instance of a PWM Generator.

A ‘y’ in the register name denotes an instance of a common function.

The LOCK bit in the PCLKCON register may be set in software to block writes to certain registers and bits. See 4.2

PWM Generator (PG) Features for more information. Writes to certain data and control registers are not safe at

certain times of a PWM cycle or when the module is enabled.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Registers

2. Register Maps

Section provides a brief summary of the related common High-Resolution2.1 Common Functions Register Map

PWM with Fine Edge Placement registers. Section provides a brief summary of2.2 PWM Generator Register Map

the PWM Generator registers. The corresponding registers appear after the summaries, followed by a detailed

description of each register.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.1 Common Functions Register Map

Note: The number of LOGCONy and PWMEVTy registers are device-dependent. Refer to the device data sheet for

availability.

Name Bit Pos. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

PCLKCON 7:0 DIVSEL[1:0] MCLKSEL[1:0]

15:8 HRRDY HRERR LOCK

FSCL 7:0 FSCL[7:0]

15:8 FSCL[15:8]

FSMINPER 7:0 FSMINPER[7:0]

15:8 FSMINPER[15:8]

MPHASE 7:0 MPHASE[7:0]

15:8 MPHASE[15:8]

MDC 7:0 MDC[7:0]

15:8 MDC[15:8]

MPER 7:0 MPER[7:0]

15:8 MPER[15:8]

LFSR 7:0 LFSR[7:0]

15:8 LFSR[14:8]

CMBTRIGL 7:0 CTA8EN CTA7EN CTA6EN CTA5EN CTA4EN CTA3EN CTA2EN CTA1EN

15:8

CMBTRIGH 7:0 CTB8EN CTB7EN CTB6EN CTB5EN CTB4EN CTB3EN CTB2EN CTB1EN

15:8

LOGCONy 7:0 S1yPOL S2yPOL PWMLFy[1:0] PWMLFyD[2:0]

15:8 PWMS1y[3:0] PWMS2y[3:0]

PWMEVTy 7:0 EVTySEL[3:0] EVTyPGS[2:0]

15:8 EVTyOEN EVTyPOL EVTySTRD EVTySYNC

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.1.1 PWM Clock Control Register

Name: PCLKCON

Legend: C = Clearable bit

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

HRRDY HRERR LOCK

Access R R/C R/W

Reset 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

DIVSEL[1:0] MCLKSEL[1:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0

Bit 15 – HRRDY High-Resolution Ready

Note: This bit is not present on all devices. Refer to the device-specific data sheet for availability.

Value Description

1The high-resolution circuitry is ready

0The high-resolution circuitry is not ready

Bit 14 – HRERR High-Resolution Error(1,2)

Notes:

1. This bit is not present on all devices. Refer to the device-specific data sheet for availability.

2. User software may write a ‘ ’ to this location to request a reset of the High-Resolution block when HRRDY = .0 1

Value Description

1An error has occurred; PWM signals will have limited resolution

0No error has occurred; PWM signals will have full resolution when HRRDY = 1

Bit 8 – LOCK Lock

Note: A device-specific unlock sequence must be performed before this bit can be cleared. Refer to the device data

sheet for the unlock sequence.

Value Description

1Write-protected registers and bits are locked

0Write-protected registers and bits are unlocked

Bits 5:4 – DIVSEL[1:0] PWM Clock Divider Selection

Value Description

11 Divide ratio is 1:16

10 Divide ratio is 1:8

01 Divide ratio is 1:4

00 Divide ratio is 1:2

Bits 1:0 – MCLKSEL[1:0] PWM Master Clock Selection

Clock sources are device-specific. Refer to the device data sheet for selections.

Note: Do not change the MCLKSEL[1:0] bits while ON (PGxCONL[15]) = .1

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.1.2 Frequency Scale Register

Name: FSCL

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

FSCL[15:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

FSCL[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:0 – FSCL[15:0] Frequency Scale Register

The value in this register is added to the frequency scaling accumulator at each pwm_master_clk. When the

accumulated value exceeds the value of FSMINPER, a clock pulse is produced.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.1.3 Frequency Scaling Minimum Period Register

Name: FSMINPER

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

FSMINPER[15:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

FSMINPER[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:0 – FSMINPER[15:0] Frequency Scaling Minimum Period Register

This register holds the minimum clock period (maximum clock frequency) that can be produced by the frequency

scaling circuit.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.1.4 Master Phase Register

Name: MPHASE

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

MPHASE[15:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

MPHASE[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:0 – MPHASE[15:0] Master Phase Register

This register holds the phase offset value that can be shared by multiple PWM Generators.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.1.5 Master Duty Cycle Register

Name: MDC

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

MDC[15:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

MDC[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:0 – MDC[15:0] Master Duty Cycle Register

This register holds the duty cycle value that can be shared by multiple PWM Generators.

Note: Duty cycle values less than 0x0008 should not be used (0x0020 in High-Resolution mode).

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.1.6 Master Period Register

Name: MPER

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

MPER[15:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

MPER[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:0 – MPER[15:0] Master Period Register

This register holds the period value that can be shared by multiple PWM Generators.

Note: Period values less than 0x0020 should not be used (0x0080 in High-Resolution mode).

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.1.7 Linear Feedback Shift Register

Name: LFSR

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

LFSR[14:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

LFSR[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 14:0 – LFSR[14:0] Linear Feedback Shift Register

A read of this register will provide a 15-bit pseudorandom value.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.1.8 Combinational Trigger Register Low

Name: CMBTRIGL

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

Access

Reset

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

CTA8EN CTA7EN CTA6EN CTA5EN CTA4EN CTA3EN CTA2EN CTA1EN

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 – CTA8EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #8 as Source for Combinational Trigger A

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger A signal

0Disabled

Bit 6 – CTA7EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #7 as Source for Combinational Trigger A

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger A signal

0Disabled

Bit 5 – CTA6EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #6 as Source for Combinational Trigger A

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger A signal

0Disabled

Bit 4 – CTA5EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #5 as Source for Combinational Trigger A

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger A signal

0Disabled

Bit 3 – CTA4EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #4 as Source for Combinational Trigger A

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger A signal

0Disabled

Bit 2 – CTA3EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #3 as Source for Combinational Trigger A

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger A signal

0Disabled

Bit 1 – CTA2EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #2 as Source for Combinational Trigger A

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger A signal

0Disabled

Bit 0 – CTA1EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #1 as Source for Combinational Trigger A

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger A signal

0Disabled

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.1.9 Combinational Trigger Register High

Name: CMBTRIGH

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

Access

Reset

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

CTB8EN CTB7EN CTB6EN CTB5EN CTB4EN CTB3EN CTB2EN CTB1EN

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 – CTB8EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #8 as Source for Combinational Trigger B

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger B signal

0Disabled

Bit 6 – CTB7EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #7 as Source for Combinational Trigger B

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger B signal

0Disabled

Bit 5 – CTB6EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #6 as Source for Combinational Trigger B

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger B signal

0Disabled

Bit 4 – CTB5EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #5 as Source for Combinational Trigger B

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger B signal

0Disabled

Bit 3 – CTB4EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #4 as Source for Combinational Trigger B

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger B signal

0Disabled

Bit 2 – CTB3EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #3 as Source for Combinational Trigger B

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger B signal

0Disabled

Bit 1 – CTB2EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #2 as Source for Combinational Trigger B

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger B signal

0Disabled

Bit 0 – CTB1EN Enable Trigger Output from PWM Generator #1 as Source for Combinational Trigger B

Value Description

1Enables specified trigger signal to be OR’d into the Combinatorial Trigger B signal

0Disabled

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.1.10 Combinatorial PWM Logic Control Register y

Name: LOGCONy

Note: ‘y’ denotes a common instance (A-F); the number of the available combinatorial PWM logic is device-

dependent. Refer to the device data sheet for availability.

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

PWMS1y[3:0] PWMS2y[3:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

S1yPOL S2yPOL PWMLFy[1:0] PWMLFyD[2:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:12 – PWMS1y[3:0] Combinatorial PWM Logic Source #1 Selection

Note: Logic function input will be connected to ‘ ’ if the PWM channel is not present.0

Value Description

1111 PWM8L

1110 PWM8H

1101 PWM7L

1100 PWM7H

1011 PWM6L

1010 PWM6H

1001 PWM5L

1000 PWM5H

0111 PWM4L

0110 PWM4H

0101 PWM3L

0100 PWM3H

0011 PWM2L

0010 PWM2H

0001 PWM1L

0000 PWM1H

Bits 11:8 – PWMS2y[3:0] Combinatorial PWM Logic Source #2 Selection

Note: Logic function input will be connected to ‘ ’ if the PWM channel is not present.0

Value Description

1111 PWM8L

1110 PWM8H

1101 PWM7L

1100 PWM7H

1011 PWM6L

1010 PWM6H

1001 PWM5L

1000 PWM5H

0111 PWM4L

0110 PWM4H

0101 PWM3L

0100 PWM3H

0011 PWM2L

0010 PWM2H

0001 PWM1L

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Value Description

0000 PWM1H

Bit 7 – S1yPOL Combinatorial PWM Logic Source #1 Polarity

Value Description

1Input is inverted

0Input is positive logic

Bit 6 – S2yPOL Combinatorial PWM Logic Source #2 Polarity

Value Description

1Input is inverted

0Input is positive logic

Bits 5:4 – PWMLFy[1:0] Combinatorial PWM Logic Function Selection

Value Description

11 Reserved

10 PWMS1y ^ PWMS2y (XOR)

01 PWMS1y & PWMS2y (AND)

00 PWMS1y | PWMS2y (OR)

Bits 2:0 – PWMLFyD[2:0] Combinatorial PWM Logic Destination Selection

Note: Instances of y = A, C, E of LOGCONy assign logic function output to the PWMxH pin. Instances of y = B, D, F

of LOGCONy assign logic function to the PWMxL pin.

Value Description

111 Logic function is assigned to PWM8

110 Logic function is assigned to PWM7

101 Logic function is assigned to PWM6

100 Logic function is assigned to PWM5

011 Logic function is assigned to PWM4

010 Logic function is assigned to PWM3

001 Logic function is assigned to PWM2

000 No assignment, combinatorial PWM logic function is disabled

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.1.11 PWM Event Output Control Register y

Name: PWMEVTy

Note: ‘y’ denotes a common instance (A-F); the number of the available combinatorial PWM logic is

device-dependent. Refer to the device data sheet for availability.

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

EVTyOEN EVTyPOL EVTySTRD EVTySYNC

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

EVTySEL[3:0] EVTyPGS[2:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 15 – EVTyOEN PWM Event Output Enable

Value Description

1Event output signal is output on the PWMEy pin

0Event output signal is internal only

Bit 14 – EVTyPOL PWM Event Output Polarity

Value Description

1Event output signal is active-low

0Event output signal is active-high

Bit 13 – EVTySTRD PWM Event Output Stretch Disable

Note: The event signal is stretched using peripheral_clk because different PWM Generators may be operating from

different clock sources.

Value Description

1Event output signal pulse width is not stretched

0Event output signal is stretched to eight PWM clock cycles minimum

Bit 12 – EVTySYNC PWM Event Output Sync

Event output signal pulse will be synchronized to peripheral_clk.

Value Description

1Event output signal is synchronized to the system clock

0Event output is not synchronized to the system clock

Bits 7:4 – EVTySEL[3:0] PWM Event Selection

Note: This is the PWM Generator output signal prior to Output mode logic and any output override logic.

Value Description

1111 High-resolution error event signal

1110-1010 Reserved

1001 ADC Trigger 2 signal

1000 ADC Trigger 1 signal

0111 STEER signal (available in Push-Pull Output modes only)

0110 CAHALF signal (available in Center-Aligned modes only)

0101 PCI Fault active output signal

0100 PCI current limit active output signal

0011 PCI feed-forward active output signal

0010 PCI Sync active output signal

0001 PWM Generator output signal

(1)

0000 Source is selected by the [2:0] bitsPGTRGSEL

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Bits 2:0 – EVTyPGS[2:0] PWM Event Source Selection

Note: No event will be produced if the selected PWM Generator is not present.

Value Description

111 PWM Generator #8

110 PWM Generator #7

101 PWM Generator #6

100 PWM Generator #5

011 PWM Generator #4

010 PWM Generator #3

001 PWM Generator #2

000 PWM Generator #1

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2 PWM Generator Register Map

Legend: x = PWM Generator #; y = F, CL, FF or S.

Name Bit Pos. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Reserved

PGxCONL 7:0 HREN CLKSEL[1:0] MODSEL[2:0]

15:8 ON TRGCNT[2:0]

PGxCONH 7:0 Reserved TRGMOD SOCS[3:0]

15:8 MDCSEL MPERSEL MPHSEL MSTEN UPDMOD[2:0]

PGxSTAT 7:0 TRSET TRCLR CAP UPDATE UPDREQ STEER CAHALF TRIG

15:8 SEVT FLTEVT CLEVT FFEVT SACT FLTACT CLACT FFACT

PGxIOCONL 7:0 FLTDAT[1:0] CLDAT[1:0] FFDAT[1:0] DBDAT[1:0]

15:8 CLMOD SWAP OVRENH OVRENL OVRDAT[1:0] OSYNC[1:0]

PGxIOCONH 7:0 PMOD[1:0] PENH PENL POLH POLL

15:8 CAPSRC[2:0] DTCMPSEL

PGxEVTL 7:0 UPDTRG[1:0] PGTRGSEL[2:0]

15:8 ADTR1PS[4:0] ADTR1EN3 ADTR1EN2 ADTR1EN1

PGxEVTH 7:0 ADTR2EN3 ADTR2EN2 ADTR2EN1 ADTR1OFS[4:0]

15:8 FLTIEN CLIEN FFIEN SIEN IEVTSEL[1:0]

PGxyPCIL 7:0 SWTERM PSYNC PPS PSS[4:0]

15:8 TSYNCDIS TERM[2:0] AQPS AQSS[2:0]

PGxyPCIH 7:0 SWPCI SWPCIM[1:0] LATMOD TQPS TQSS[2:0]

15:8 BPEN BPSEL[2:0] ACP[2:0]

Reserved

PGxLEBL 7:0 LEB[10:6] [2:0]

15:8 LEB[18:11]

PGxLEBH 7:0 PHR PHF PLR PLF

15:8 PWMPCI[2:0]

PGxPHASE 7:0 PGxPHASE[7:0]

15:8 PGxPHASE[15:8]

Reserved

PGxDC 7:0 PGxDC[7:0]

15:8 PGxDC[15:8]

PGxDCA 7:0 PGxDCA[7:0]

15:8

PGxPER 7:0 PGxPER[7:0]

15:8 PGxPER[15:8]

PGxTRIGA 7:0 PGxTRIGA[7:0]

15:8 PGxTRIGA[15:8]

PGxTRIGB 7:0 PGxTRIGB[7:0]

15:8 PGxTRIGB[15:8]

PGxTRIGC 7:0 PGxTRIGC[7:0]

15:8 PGxTRIGC[15:8]

PGxDTL 7:0 DTL[7:0]

15:8 DTL[13:8]

PGxDTH 7:0 DTH[7:0]

15:8 DTH[13:8]

PGxCAP 7:0 PGxCAP[6:0]

15:8 PGxCAP[14:7]

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.1 PWM Generator x Control Register Low

Name: PGxCONL

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

ON TRGCNT[2:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

HREN CLKSEL[1:0] MODSEL[2:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 15 – ON PWM Generator x Enable

Value Description

1PWM Generator is enabled

0PWM Generator is not enabled

Bits 10:8 – TRGCNT[2:0] PWM Generator x Trigger Count Select

Value Description

111 PWM Generator produces 8 PWM cycles after triggered

110 PWM Generator produces 7 PWM cycles after triggered

101 PWM Generator produces 6 PWM cycles after triggered

100 PWM Generator produces 5 PWM cycles after triggered

011 PWM Generator produces 4 PWM cycles after triggered

010 PWM Generator produces 3 PWM cycles after triggered

001 PWM Generator produces 2 PWM cycles after triggered

000 PWM Generator produces 1 PWM cycle after triggered

Bit 7 – HREN PWM Generator x High-Resolution Enable

Note: This bit is not present on all devices. Refer to the device-specific data sheet for availability. When High-

Resolution mode is not available, this bit will read as ‘ ’.0

Value Description

1PWM Generator x operates in High-Resolution mode

0PWM Generator x operates in Standard Resolution mode

Bits 4:3 – CLKSEL[1:0] Clock Selection(1)

Notes:

1. Do not change the CLKSEL[1:0] bits while ON (PGxCONL[15]) = .1

2. The PWM Generator time base operates from the frequency scaling circuit clock, effectively scaling the duty

cycle and period of the PWM Generator output.

3. This clock source should not be used when HREN (PGxCONL[7]) = .1

Value Description

11 PWM Generator uses the master clock scaled by the frequency scaling circuit

(2,3)

10 PWM Generator uses the master clock divided by the clock divider circuit

(2)

01 PWM Generator uses the master clock selected by the MCLKSEL[1:0] (PCLKCON[1:0]) control bits

00 No clock selected, PWM Generator is in the lowest power state (default)

Bits 2:0 – MODSEL[2:0] PWM Generator x Mode Selection

Value Description

111 Dual Edge Center-Aligned PWM mode (interrupt/register update twice per cycle)

110 Dual Edge Center-Aligned PWM mode (interrupt/register update once per cycle)

101 Double Update Center-Aligned PWM mode

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Value Description

100 Center-Aligned PWM mode

011 Reserved

010 Independent Edge PWM mode, dual output

001 Variable Phase PWM mode

000 Independent Edge PWM mode

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.2 PWM Generator x Control Register High

Name: PGxCONH

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

MDCSEL MPERSEL MPHSEL MSTEN UPDMOD[2:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Reserved TRGMOD SOCS[3:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 15 – MDCSEL Master Duty Cycle Register Select

Value Description

1PWM Generator uses MDC register

0PWM Generator uses PGxDC register

Bit 14 – MPERSEL Master Period Register Select

Value Description

1PWM Generator uses MPER register

0PWM Generator uses PGxPER register

Bit 13 – MPHSEL Master Phase Register Select

Value Description

1PWM Generator uses MPHASE register

0PWM Generator uses PGxPHASE register

Bit 11 – MSTEN Master Update Enable

Value Description

1PWM Generator broadcasts software set of UPDREQ control bit and EOC signal to other PWM

Generators

0PWM Generator does not broadcast UPDREQ status bit state or EOC signal

Bits 10:8 – UPDMOD[2:0] PWM Buffer Update Mode Selection

See Table 4-5 for details.

Bit 7 – Reserved Maintain as ‘ ’0

Bit 6 – TRGMOD PWM Generator x Trigger Mode Selection

Value Description

1PWM Generator operates in Retriggerable mode

0PWM Generator operates in Single Trigger mode

Bits 3:0 – SOCS[3:0] Start-of-Cycle Selection bits(1,2,3)

Notes:

1. The PCI selected Sync signal is always available to be OR’d with the selected SOC signal per the SOCS[3:0]

bits if the PCI Sync function is enabled.

2. The source selected by the SOCS[3:0] bits MUST operate from the same clock source as the local PWM

Generator. If not, the source must be routed through the PCI Sync logic so the trigger signal may be

synchronized to the PWM Generator clock domain.

3. PWM Generators are grouped into groups of four: PG1-PG4 and PG5-PG8, if available. Any generator within

a group of four may be used to trigger another generator within the same group.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Value Description

1111 TRIG bit or PCI Sync function only (no hardware trigger source is selected)

1110 - 0101 Reserved

0100 Trigger output selected by PG4 or PG8 [2:0] bits (PGxEVTL[2:0])PGTRGSEL

0011 Trigger output selected by PG3 or PG7 [2:0] bits (PGxEVTL[2:0])PGTRGSEL

0010 Trigger output selected by PG2 or PG6 [2:0] bits (PGxEVTL[2:0])PGTRGSEL

0001 Trigger output selected by PG1 or PG5 [2:0] bits (PGxEVTL[2:0])PGTRGSEL

0000 Local EOC – PWM Generator is self-triggered

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.3 PWM Generator x Status Register

Name: PGxSTAT

Legend: C = Clearable bit; HS = Hardware Settable bit

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

SEVT FLTEVT CLEVT FFEVT SACT FLTACT CLACT FFACT

Access HS/C HS/C HS/C HS/C R R R R

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

TRSET TRCLR CAP UPDATE UPDREQ STEER CAHALF TRIG

Access W W R/HS R W R R R

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 15 – SEVT PCI Sync Event

Value Description

1A PCI Sync event has occurred (rising edge on PCI Sync output or PCI Sync output is high when

module is enabled)

0No PCI Sync event has occurred

Bit 14 – FLTEVT PCI Fault Active Status

Value Description

1A Fault event has occurred (rising edge on PCI Fault output or PCI Fault output is high when module is

enabled)

0No Fault event has occurred

Bit 13 – CLEVT PCI Current Limit Status

Value Description

1A PCI current limit event has occurred (rising edge on PCI current limit output or PCI current limit

output is high when module is enabled)

0No PCI current limit event has occurred

Bit 12 – FFEVT PCI Feed-Forward Active Status

Value Description

1A PCI feed-forward event has occurred (the rising edge on the PCI feed-forward output or PCI feed-

forward output is high when module is enabled)

0No PCI feed-forward event has occurred

Bit 11 – SACT PCI Sync Status

Value Description

1PCI Sync output is active

0PCI Sync output is inactive

Bit 10 – FLTACT PCI Fault Active Status

Value Description

1PCI Fault output is active

0PCI Fault output is inactive

Bit 9 – CLACT PCI Current Limit Status

Value Description

1PCI current limit output is active

0PCI current limit output is inactive

Bit 8 – FFACT PCI Feed-Forward Active Status

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Value Description

1PCI feed-forward output is active

0PCI feed-forward output is inactive

Bit 7 – TRSET PWM Generator Software Trigger Set

User software writes a ‘ ’ to this bit location to trigger a PWM Generator cycle. The bit location always reads as ‘ ’.1 0

The TRIG bit will indicate ‘ ’ when the PWM Generator is triggered.1

Bit 6 – TRCLR PWM Generator Software Trigger Clear

User software writes a ‘ ’ to this bit location to stop a PWM Generator cycle. The bit location always reads as ‘ ’. The1 0

TRIG bit will indicate ‘ ’ when the PWM Generator is not triggered.0

Bit 5 – CAP Capture Status

Value Description

1PWM Generator time base value has been captured in PGxCAP

0No capture has occurred

Bit 4 – UPDATE PWM Data Register Update Status/Control

Value Description

1PWM Data register update is pending – user Data registers are not writable

0No PWM Data register update is pending

Bit 3 – UPDREQ PWM Data Register Update Request

User software writes a ‘ ’ to this bit location to request a PWM Data register update. The bit location always reads as1

‘ ’. The UPDATE status bit will indicate a ‘ ’ when an update is pending.0 1

Bit 2 – STEER Output Steering Status (Push-Pull Output mode only)

Value Description

1PWM Generator is in 2nd cycle of Push-Pull mode

0PWM Generator is in 1st cycle of Push-Pull mode

Bit 1 – CAHALF Half Cycle Status (Center-Aligned modes only)

Value Description

1PWM Generator is in 2nd half of time base cycle

0PWM Generator is in 1st half of time base cycle

Bit 0 – TRIG Trigger Status

Value Description

1PWM Generator is triggered and PWM cycle is in progress

0No PWM cycle is in progress

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.4 PWM Generator x I/O Control Register Low

Name: PGxIOCONL

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

CLMOD SWAP OVRENH OVRENL OVRDAT[1:0] OSYNC[1:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

FLTDAT[1:0] CLDAT[1:0] FFDAT[1:0] DBDAT[1:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 15 – CLMOD Current Limit Mode Select

Value Description

1If PCI current limit is active, then the PWMxH and PWMxL output signals are inverted (bit flipping), and

the CLDAT[1:0] bits are not used

0If PCI current limit is active, then the CLDAT[1:0] bits define the PWM output levels

Bit 14 – SWAP Swap PWM Signals to PWMxH and PWMxL Device Pins

Value Description

1The PWMxH signal is connected to the PWMxL pin and the PWMxL signal is connected to the PWMxH

0PWMxH/L signals are mapped to their respective pins

Bit 13 – OVRENH User Override Enable for PWMxH Pin

Value Description

1OVRDAT[1] provides data for output on the PWMxH pin

0PWM Generator provides data for the PWMxH pin

Bit 12 – OVRENL User Override Enable for PWMxL Pin

Value Description

1OVRDAT[0] provides data for output on the PWMxL pin

0PWM Generator provides data for the PWMxL pin

Bits 11:10 – OVRDAT[1:0] Data for PWMxH/PWMxL Pins if Override is Enabled

Description

If OVRENH = , then OVRDAT[1] provides data for PWMxH.1

If OVRENL = , then OVRDAT[0] provides data for PWMxL.1

Bits 9:8 – OSYNC[1:0] User Output Override Synchronization Control

Value Description

11 Reserved

10 User output overrides via the SWAP, OVRENL/H and OVRDAT[1:0] bits occur when specified by the

UPDMOD[2:0] bits in the PGxCONH register

01 User output overrides via the SWAP, OVRENL/H and OVRDAT[1:0] bits occur immediately (as soon as

possible)

00 User output overrides via the SWAP, OVRENL/H and OVRDAT[1:0] bits are synchronized to the local

PWM time base (next start of cycle)

Bits 7:6 – FLTDAT[1:0] Data for PWMxH/PWMxL Pins if FLT Event is Active

Description

If Fault is active, then FLTDAT[1] provides data for PWMxH.

If Fault is active, then FLTDAT[0] provides data for PWMxL.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Bits 5:4 – CLDAT[1:0] Data for PWMxH/PWMxL Pins if CLMT Event is Active

Description

If current limit is active, then CLDAT[1] provides data for PWMxH.

If current limit is active, then CLDAT[0] provides data for PWMxL.

Bits 3:2 – FFDAT[1:0] Data for PWMxH/PWMxL Pins if Feed-Forward Event is Active

Description

If feed-forward is active, then FFDAT[1] provides data for PWMxH.

If feed-forward is active, then FFDAT[0] provides data for PWMxL.

Bits 1:0 – DBDAT[1:0] Data for PWMxH/PWMxL Pins if Debug Mode is Active

Description

If Debug mode is active and PTFRZ = , then DBDAT[1] provides data for PWMxH.1

If Debug mode is active and PTFRZ = , then DBDAT[0] provides data for PWMxL.1

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.5 PWM Generator x I/O Control Register High

Name: PGxIOCONH

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

CAPSRC[2:0] DTCMPSEL

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

PMOD[1:0] PENH PENL POLH POLL

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 14:12 – CAPSRC[2:0] Time Base Capture Source Selection

Note: A capture may be initiated in software at any time by writing a ‘ ’ to PGxCAP[0].1

Value Description

111 Reserved

110 Reserved

101 Reserved

100 Capture time base value at assertion of selected PCI Fault signal

011 Capture time base value at assertion of selected PCI current limit signal

010 Capture time base value at assertion of selected PCI feed-forward signal

001 Capture time base value at assertion of selected PCI Sync signal

000 No hardware source selected for time base capture – software only

Bit 8 – DTCMPSEL Dead-Time Compensation Select

Value Description

1Dead-time compensation is controlled by PCI feed-forward limit logic

0Dead-time compensation is controlled by PCI Sync logic

Bits 5:4 – PMOD[1:0] PWM Generator Output Mode Selection

Value Description

11 Reserved

10 PWM Generator outputs operate in Push-Pull mode

01 PWM Generator outputs operate in Independent mode

00 PWM Generator outputs operate in Complementary mode

Bit 3 – PENH PWMxH Output Port Enable

Value Description

1PWM Generator controls the PWMxH output pin

0PWM Generator does not control the PWMxH output pin

Bit 2 – PENL PWMxL Output Port Enable

Value Description

1PWM Generator controls the PWMxL output pin

0PWM Generator does not control the PWMxL output pin

Bit 1 – POLH PWMxH Output Polarity

Value Description

1Output pin is active-low

0Output pin is active-high

Bit 0 – POLL PWMxL Output Polarity

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Value Description

1Output pin is active-low

0Output pin is active-high

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.6 PWM Generator x Event Register Low

Name: PGxEVTL

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

ADTR1PS[4:0] ADTR1EN3 ADTR1EN2 ADTR1EN1

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

UPDTRG[1:0] PGTRGSEL[2:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:11 – ADTR1PS[4:0] ADC Trigger 1 Postscaler Selection

Value Description

11111 1:32

. . . . . .

00010 1:3

00001 1:2

00000 1:1

Bit 10 – ADTR1EN3 ADC Trigger 1 Source is PGxTRIGC Compare Event Enable

Value Description

1PGxTRIGC register compare event is enabled as trigger source for ADC Trigger 1

0PGxTRIGC register compare event is disabled as trigger source for ADC Trigger 1

Bit 9 – ADTR1EN2 ADC Trigger 1 Source is PGxTRIGB Compare Event Enable

Value Description

1PGxTRIGB register compare event is enabled as trigger source for ADC Trigger 1

0PGxTRIGB register compare event is disabled as trigger source for ADC Trigger 1

Bit 8 – ADTR1EN1 ADC Trigger 1 Source is PGxTRIGA Compare Event Enable

Value Description

1PGxTRIGA register compare event is enabled as trigger source for ADC Trigger 1

0PGxTRIGA register compare event is disabled as trigger source for ADC Trigger 1

Bits 4:3 – UPDTRG[1:0] Update Trigger Select

Value Description

11 A write of the PGxTRIGA register automatically sets the UPDREQ bit

10 A write of the PGxPHASE register automatically sets the UPDREQ bit

01 A write of the PGxDC register automatically sets the UPDREQ bit

00 User must set the bit (PGxSTAT[3]) manuallyUPDREQ

Bits 2:0 – PGTRGSEL[2:0] PWM Generator Trigger Output Selection

Note: These events are derived from the internal PWM Generator time base comparison events.

Value Description

111 Reserved

110 Reserved

101 Reserved

100 Reserved

011 PGxTRIGC compare event is the PWM Generator trigger

010 PGxTRIGB compare event is the PWM Generator trigger

001 PGxTRIGA compare event is the PWM Generator trigger

000 EOC event is the PWM Generator trigger

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.7 PWM Generator x Event Register High

Name: PGxEVTH

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

FLTIEN CLIEN FFIEN SIEN IEVTSEL[1:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

ADTR2EN3 ADTR2EN2 ADTR2EN1 ADTR1OFS[4:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 15 – FLTIEN PCI Fault Interrupt Enable

Note: An interrupt is only generated on the rising edge of the PCI Fault active signal.

Value Description

1Fault interrupt is enabled

0Fault interrupt is disabled

Bit 14 – CLIEN PCI Current Limit Interrupt Enable

Note: An interrupt is only generated on the rising edge of the PCI current limit active signal.

Value Description

1Current limit interrupt is enabled

0Current limit interrupt is disabled

Bit 13 – FFIEN PCI Feed-Forward Interrupt Enable

Note: An interrupt is only generated on the rising edge of the PCI feed-forward active signal.

Value Description

1Feed-forward interrupt is enabled

0Feed-forward interrupt is disabled

Bit 12 – SIEN PCI Sync Interrupt Enable

Note: An interrupt is only generated on the rising edge of the PCI Sync active signal.

Value Description

1Sync interrupt is enabled

0Sync interrupt is disabled

Bits 9:8 – IEVTSEL[1:0] Interrupt Event Selection

Value Description

11 Time base interrupts are disabled (Sync, Fault, current limit and feed-forward events can be

independently enabled)

10 Interrupts CPU at ADC Trigger 1 event

01 Interrupts CPU at TRIGA compare event

00 Interrupts CPU at EOC

Bit 7 – ADTR2EN3 ADC Trigger 2 Source is PGxTRIGC Compare Event Enable

Value Description

1PGxTRIGC register compare event is enabled as trigger source for ADC Trigger 2

0PGxTRIGC register compare event is disabled as trigger source for ADC Trigger 2

Bit 6 – ADTR2EN2 ADC Trigger 2 Source is PGxTRIGB Compare Event Enable

Value Description

1PGxTRIGB register compare event is enabled as trigger source for ADC Trigger 2

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Value Description

0PGxTRIGB register compare event is disabled as trigger source for ADC Trigger 2

Bit 5 – ADTR2EN1 ADC Trigger 2 Source is PGxTRIGA Compare Event Enable

Value Description

1PGxTRIGA register compare event is enabled as trigger source for ADC Trigger 2

0PGxTRIGA register compare event is disabled as trigger source for ADC Trigger 2

Bits 4:0 – ADTR1OFS[4:0] ADC Trigger 1 Offset Selection

Value Description

11111 Offset by 31 trigger events

. . . . . .

00010 Offset by 2 trigger events

00001 Offset by 1 trigger event

00000 No offset

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.8 PWM Generator xy PCI Register Low (x = PWM Generator #; y = F, CL, FF or S)

Name: PGxyPCIL

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

TSYNCDIS TERM[2:0] AQPS AQSS[2:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

SWTERM PSYNC PPS PSS[4:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 15 – TSYNCDIS Termination Synchronization Disable

Value Description

1Termination of latched PCI occurs immediately

0Termination of latched PCI occurs at PWM EOC

Bits 14:12 – TERM[2:0] Termination Event Selection

Notes:

1. PCI sources are device-dependent; refer to the device data sheet for availability.

2. Do not use this selection when the ACP[2:0] bits (PGxyPCIH[10:8]) are set for latched on any edge.

Value Description

111 Selects PCI Source #9(1)

110 Selects PCI Source #8(1)

101 Selects PCI Source #1 (PWM Generator output selected by the [2:0] bits)PWMPCI

100 PGxTRIGC trigger event

011 PGxTRIGB trigger event

010 PGxTRIGA trigger event

001 Auto-Terminate: Terminate when PCI source transitions from active to inactive

(2)

000 Manual Terminate: Terminate on a write of ‘ ’ to the SWTERM bit location1

Bit 11 – AQPS Acceptance Qualifier Polarity Select

Value Description

1Inverted

0Not inverted

Bits 10:8 – AQSS[2:0] Acceptance Qualifier Source Selection

Value Description

111 SWPCI control bit only (qualifier forced to ‘ ’)0

110 Selects PCI Source #9

101 Selects PCI Source #8

100 Selects PCI Source #1 (PWM Generator output selected by the [2:0] bits)PWMPCI

011 PWM Generator is triggered

010 LEB is active

001 Duty cycle is active (base PWM Generator signal)

000 No acceptance qualifier is used (qualifier forced to ‘ ’)1

Bit 7 – SWTERM PCI Software Termination

A write of ‘ ’ to this location will produce a termination event. This bit location always reads as ‘ ’.1 0

Bit 6 – PSYNC PCI Synchronization Control

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Value Description

1PCI source is synchronized to PWM EOC

0PCI source is not synchronized to PWM EOC

Bit 5 – PPS PCI Polarity Select

Value Description

1Inverted

0Not inverted

Bits 4:0 – PSS[4:0] PCI Source Selection

Note: PCI sources are device-dependent; refer to the device data sheet for availability.

Value Description

11111 PCI Source #31 (reserved)

. . . . . .

00101 PCI Source #5 (reserved)

00100 PCI Source #4 (reserved)

00011 PCI Source #3 (internally connected to Combinatorial Trigger B)

00010 PCI Source #2 (internally connected to Combinatorial Trigger A)

00001 PCI Source #1 (internally connected to PWMPCI[2:0] output MUX)

00000 Software PCI control bit (SWPCI) only

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.9 PWM Generator xy PCI Register High (x = PWM Generator #; y = F, CL, FF or S)

Name: PGxyPCIH

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

BPEN BPSEL[2:0] ACP[2:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

SWPCI SWPCIM[1:0] LATMOD TQPS TQSS[2:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 15 – BPEN PCI Bypass Enable

Value Description

1PCI function is enabled and local PCI logic is bypassed; PWM Generator will be controlled by PCI

function in the PWM Generator selected by the [2:0] bitsBPSEL

0PCI function is not bypassed

Bits 14:12 – BPSEL[2:0] PCI Bypass Source Selection

Note: Selects ‘ ’ if the selected PWM Generator is not present.0

Value Description

111 PCI control is sourced from PWM Generator 8 PCI logic when BPEN = 1

110 PCI control is sourced from PWM Generator 7 PCI logic when BPEN = 1

101 PCI control is sourced from PWM Generator 6 PCI logic when BPEN = 1

100 PCI control is sourced from PWM Generator 5 PCI logic when BPEN = 1

011 PCI control is sourced from PWM Generator 4 PCI logic when BPEN = 1

010 PCI control is sourced from PWM Generator 3 PCI logic when BPEN = 1

001 PCI control is sourced from PWM Generator 2 PCI logic when BPEN = 1

000 PCI control is sourced from PWM Generator 1 PCI logic when BPEN = 1

Bits 10:8 – ACP[2:0] PCI Acceptance Criteria Selection

Note:

1. Don’t use this selection when the TERM[2:0] bits (PGxyPCIL[14:12]) are set to auto-termination.

Value Description

111 Reserved

110 Reserved

101 Latched any edge(1)

100 Latched rising edge

011 Latched

010 Any edge

001 Rising edge

000 Level-sensitive

Bit 7 – SWPCI Software PCI Control

Value Description

1Drives a ‘ ’ to PCI logic assigned to by the SWPCIM[1:0] control bits1

0Drives a ‘ ’ to PCI logic assigned to by the SWPCIM[1:0] control bits0

Bits 6:5 – SWPCIM[1:0] Software PCI Control Mode

Value Description

11 Reserved

10 SWPCI bit is assigned to termination qualifier logic

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Value Description

01 SWPCI bit is assigned to acceptance qualifier logic

00 SWPCI bit is assigned to PCI acceptance logic

Bit 4 – LATMOD PCI SR Latch Mode

Value Description

1SR latch is Reset-dominant in Latched Acceptance modes

0SR latch is set-dominant in Latched Acceptance modes

Bit 3 – TQPS Termination Qualifier Polarity Select

Value Description

1Inverted

0Not inverted

Bits 2:0 – TQSS[2:0] Termination Qualifier Source Selection

Note:

1. Polarity control bit, TQPS, has no effect on these selections.

Value Description

111 SWPCI control bit only (qualifier forced to ‘ ’)1 (1)

110 Selects PCI Source #9

101 Selects PCI Source #8

100 Selects PCI Source #1 (PWM Generator output selected by the [2:0] bits)PWMPCI

011 PWM Generator is triggered

010 LEB is active

001 Duty cycle is active (base PWM Generator signal)

000 No termination qualifier used (qualifier forced to ‘ ’)1 (1)

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.10 PWM Generator x Leading-Edge Blanking Register Low

Name: PGxLEBL

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

LEB[18:11]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

LEB[10:6] [2:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R R R

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:3 – LEB[15:3] Leading-Edge Blanking Period

Leading-Edge Blanking period. The three LSbs of the blanking time are not used, providing a blanking resolution of

eight PGx_clks. The minimum blanking period is eight PGx_clks, which occurs when LEB[15:3] = .0

Bits 2:0 – [2:0] Read-Only

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.11 PWM Generator x Leading-Edge Blanking Register High

Name: PGxLEBH

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

PWMPCI[2:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

PHR PHF PLR PLF

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0

Bits 10:8 – PWMPCI[2:0] PWM Source for PCI Selection

Note: The selected PWM Generator source does not affect the LEB counter. This source can be optionally used as

a PCI input, PCI qualifier, PCI terminator or PCI terminator qualifier (see the description in the PGxyPCIL and

PGxyPCIH registers for more information).

Value Description

111 PWM Generator #8 output is made available to PCI logic

110 PWM Generator #7 output is made available to PCI logic

101 PWM Generator #6 output is made available to PCI logic

100 PWM Generator #5 output is made available to PCI logic

011 PWM Generator #4 output is made available to PCI logic

010 PWM Generator #3 output is made available to PCI logic

001 PWM Generator #2 output is made available to PCI logic

000 PWM Generator #1 output is made available to PCI logic

Bit 3 – PHR PWMxH Rising Edge Trigger Enable

Value Description

1Rising edge of PWMxH will trigger the LEB duration counter

0LEB ignores the rising edge of PWMxH

Bit 2 – PHF PWMxH Falling Edge Trigger Enable

Value Description

1Falling edge of PWMxH will trigger the LEB duration counter

0LEB ignores the falling edge of PWMxH

Bit 1 – PLR PWMxL Rising Edge Trigger Enable

Value Description

1Rising edge of PWMxL will trigger the LEB duration counter

0LEB ignores the rising edge of PWMxL

Bit 0 – PLF PWMxL Falling Edge Trigger Enable

Value Description

1Falling edge of PWMxL will trigger the LEB duration counter

0LEB ignores the falling edge of PWMxL

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.12 PWM Generator x Phase Register

Name: PGxPHASE

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

PGxPHASE[15:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

PGxPHASE[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:0 – PGxPHASE[15:0] PWM Generator x Phase Register

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.13 PWM Generator x Duty Cycle Register

Name: PGxDC

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

PGxDC[15:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

PGxDC[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:0 – PGxDC[15:0] PWM Generator x Duty Cycle Register

Note: Duty cycle values less than 0x0008 should not be used (0x0020 in High-Resolution mode).

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.14 PWM Generator x Duty Cycle Adjustment Register

Name: PGxDCA

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

Access

Reset

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

PGxDCA[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 7:0 – PGxDCA[7:0] PWM Generator x Duty Cycle Adjustment Value

Depending on the state of the selected PCI source, the PGxDCA value will be added to the value in the PGxDC

mode, bits[2:0] are forced to ‘ ’.0

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.15 PWM Generator x Period Register

Name: PGxPER

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

PGxPER[15:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

PGxPER[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:0 – PGxPER[15:0] PWM Generator x Period Register

Note: Period values less than 0x0010 should not be used (0x0080 in High-Resolution mode).

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.16 PWM Generator x Trigger A Register

Name: PGxTRIGA

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

PGxTRIGA[15:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

PGxTRIGA[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:0 – PGxTRIGA[15:0] PWM Generator x Trigger A Register

In High-Resolution mode, bits[2:0] are forced to ‘ ’.0

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.17 PWM Generator x Trigger B Register

Name: PGxTRIGB

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

PGxTRIGB[15:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

PGxTRIGB[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:0 – PGxTRIGB[15:0] PWM Generator x Trigger B Register

In High-Resolution mode, bits[2:0] are forced to ‘ ’.0

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.18 PWM Generator x Trigger C Register

Name: PGxTRIGC

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

PGxTRIGC[15:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

PGxTRIGC[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:0 – PGxTRIGC[15:0] PWM Generator x Trigger C Register

In High-Resolution mode, bits[2:0] are forced to ‘ ’.0

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.19 PWM Generator x Dead-Time Register Low

Name: PGxDTL

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

DTL[13:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

DTL[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 13:0 – DTL[13:0] PWMxL Dead-Time Delay

Note: The DTL[13:11] bits are not available when HREN (PGxCONL[7]) = .0

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.20 PWM Generator x Dead-Time Register High

Name: PGxDTH

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

DTH[13:8]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

DTH[7:0]

Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 13:0 – DTH[13:0] PWMxH Dead-Time Delay

Note: The DTH[13:11] bits are not available when HREN (PGxCONL[7]) = .0

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

2.2.21 PWM Generator x Capture Register

Name: PGxCAP

Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

PGxCAP[14:7]

Access R R R R R R R R

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

PGxCAP[6:0]

Access R R R R R R R R/W

Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bits 15:1 – PGxCAP[14:0] PGx Time Base Capture

PGx Time Base Capture bits.

Note: A capture event can be manually initiated in software by writing a ‘ ’ to PGxCAP[0].1

The CAP bit (PGxSTAT[5]) will indicate when a new capture value is available. A read of PGxCAP will automatically

clear the CAP bit and allow a new capture event to occur. PGxCAP[1:0] will always read as ‘ ’. In High-Resolution0

mode, PGxCAP[4:0] will always read as ‘ ’.0

Bit 0 – Read/Write

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

3. Architecture Overview

The PWM module consists of a common set of controls and features, and multiple instantiations of PWM Generators

(PGx). Each PWM Generator can be independently configured or multiple PWM Generators can be used to achieve

complex multiphase systems. PWM Generators can also be used to implement sophisticated triggering, protection

and logic functions. A high-level block diagram is shown in .Figure 3-1

Figure 3-1. PWM High-Level Block Diagram

PG1

PG2

PG8

PWM1H

PWM1L

PWM2H

PWM2L

PWM8H

PWM8L

Clock

Control

Master Data

Registers

Combinatorial

Logic

Outputs

Combinatorial

Triggers

Linear

Feedback PWM Event

Outputs

Shift Register

Common PWM Features

CLKs

Data

Bus

Triggers

Interrupts

Each PWM Generator behaves as a separate peripheral that can be independently enabled from the other PWM

Generators. Each PWM Generator consists of a signal generator and an Output Control block.

The PWM Generators use ‘events’ to trigger other PWM Generators, ADC conversions and external operations. Each

PWM Generator accepts a trigger input and produces a trigger output. The trigger input signals the PWM Generator

when to start a new PWM period. The trigger output is generated when the trigger time value is equal to the PWM

Generator timer value.

Output Control blocks provide the capability to alter the base PWM signal sent to the output pins and incorporate

several functions, including:

• Output mode selection (Complementary, Push-Pull, Independent)

• Dead-time generator

• PWM Control Input (PCI) block

• Leading-Edge Blanking (LEB)

• Override

Each PWM Generator Output block is associated with the control of two PWM output pins. Output blocks contain a

PWM Control Input (PCI) that can be used for many purposes, including Fault detection, external triggering and

interfacing with other peripherals. The LEB block works in conjunction with the PCI block and allows PCI inputs to be

ignored during certain periods of the PWM cycle. The Override block determines the PWM output pin states during

various types of events, including Faults, current limit and feed-forward control. A block diagram of a single PWM

Generator is shown in .Figure 3-2

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Architecture Overview

Figure 3-2. Single PWM Generator

Dead-Time

MPHASE[15:0]

PGxPHASE[15:0]

MDC[15:0]

PGxDC[15:0]

MPER[15:0]

PGxPER[15:0]

Master/Local

Data Register

Selection

MPHSEL

MDCSEL

MPERSEL

PGMOD[1:0]

CLK

TRIG

PWM

Generator

CLKSEL[1:0]

TRIGMOD[1:0]

PWM Generator

Sync/Trigger

Inputs

PCI Sync Active

SOCS[3:0]

External PWM

Control Inputs 1-31

PSS[4:0]

PCI Sync Logic

PCI Fault Logic

PCI Current

PCI Feed-Fwd

Logic

Limit Logic

PCI Fault Active

PCI Current Limit Active

PCI Feed-Forward Active

Blanking Active

Output

Override

Control and

Prioritization

Leading-Edge

Blanking Blanking Signals from

Other PGs

PWMxH

PWMxL

Combo

PWM

MUXing

POLH

POLL

HREN

High Res

Logic

Override

and

SWAP

Logic

Output

Control and

Dead-Time

Generator

Complementary

Mode Override

and SWAP

Logic

PMOD[1:0]

Dead-Time

Data Registers

Capture

Time Base

Capture

Trigger

Data Registers

Data

Update

Control

Frequency

Scaling

Clock

Divider

MCLKSEL[1:0]

Compensation

Data Register

raw_pwm

PWM Generator operation is based on triggers. To generate a PWM cycle, a SOC (Start-of-Cycle) trigger must be

received; the trigger can either be self-triggered or from an external source. illustrates a basic PWMFigure 3-3

waveform, showing SOC and EOC (End-of-Cycle) events. The PWMxH output starts the cycle ‘active’ (logic high),

and when the internal counter reaches the duty cycle value, it transitions to ‘inactive’ (logic low). EOC is reached

when the counter value reaches the period value.

Some operating modes and output modes use multiple counter cycles to produce a single PWM cycle. Refer to 4.2.2

PWM Modes 4.2.3 Output Modes and for more information.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Architecture Overview

Figure 3-3. Basic PWM Waveform

SOC

PWM

Timer

PWMx

Duty Cycle

EOC

Period

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Architecture Overview

4. Operation

4.1 PWM Clocking

4.1.1 Master Clocking

The PWM module provides several clocking features at the top level of the module. Each PWM Generator can then

independently select one of the clock sources, as shown in . The clock input into the PWM module isFigure 4-1

selected with the MCLKSEL[1:0] control bits (PCLKCON[1:0]). The available clock inputs are device-dependent; refer

to the device data sheet for availability. The CLKSEL[1:0] control bits (PGxCONL[4:3]) are used to select the clock for

each PWM Generator instance; see for details. Frequency scaling and the clock4.2.1 PWM Generator Clocking

divider are discussed in . The CLKSELx bits need to be changed from the default selection to4.3.3 Shared Clocking

allow the PWM Generator to function.

Figure 4-1. PWM Generator Clocking

clk source 3

clk source 2

clk source 1

clk source 0

MCLKSEL<1:0>

(1)

Frequency

Scaling

Clock

Divider

DIVSEL<1:0>

PWM Generator 1 Clock Select

No Clock

CLKSEL<1:0>

Master Clock Select

PG1_clk

pwm_

master_clk

PWM Generator x Clock Select

No Clock

CLKSEL<1:0>

PGx_clk

Note:

1. Clock inputs are device-specific. Refer to the device data sheet for availability.

Note: Writing MCLKSEL[1:0] to a non-zero value will request and enable the chosen clock source, whether any

PWM Generators are enabled or not. This allows a PLL, for example, to be requested and warmed up before using it

as a PWM clock source. For the lowest device power consumption, the MCLKSEL[1:0] bits should be set to the

value, ‘ ’, if all PWM Generators have been disabled.00

Changing the MCLKSEL[1:0] or CLKSEL[1:0] bits while ON (PGxCONL[15]) = ) is not recommended.1

Note: The CPU and PWM typically run at different clock speeds depending on the application requirements. If PWM

clock speed is equal or slower than the CPU, writes to registers may have delayed behavior. For example, if

SWTERM is used to clear a Fault, the instruction may need to be stretched with a instruction to ensure theREPEAT

PWM can detect the edge within its clock cycle.

4.1.2 Clocking Equations in Standard Resolution

Some modes of operation utilize multiple period matches to complete one PWM ‘cycle’. The following equation

provides timing equations for the various operating modes.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Equation: PWM Period Calculation, Standard Resolution

Edge-Aligned, Variable Phase

Operating Modes

FPWM =

FPGx_clk

PGxPER + 1

Center-Aligned Modes,

Edge-Aligned and Variable Phase Modes

FPWM =

FPGx_clk

2 • (PGxPER + 1)

with Push-Pull Output Mode

Center-Aligned Modes

with Push-Pull Output Mode

PGxPER = FPGx_clk

FPWM



– 1

Where:

FPWM = Switching Frequency

PWM Period = 1/F PWM

PGxPER = FPGx_clk

2 • FPWM



– 1

FPWM =

FPGx_clk

4 • (PGxPER + 1)

PGxPER = FPGx_clk

4 • FPWM



– 1

Equation: PWM Duty Cycle, Phase, Trigger and Dead-Time Calculations, Standard Resolution

MDC or PGxDC(A) = (PGxPER + 1) • Duty Cycle

Where:

Duty Cycle is % between 0 and 100

MPHASE or PGxPHASE = F

PGx_clk • Phase

Where:

Phase, Trigger Offset and Dead Time are specified

in time units (ms, µs or ns)

PGxTRIGy = FPGx_clk • Trigger Offset

(y = A, B or C)

PGxDTy = FPGx_clk

• Dead Time

( )y = H or L

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

4.1.3 High-Resolution Mode

High-Resolution mode is not available on all devices. Refer to the device-specific data sheet for availability.

The PWM Generators may operate in High-Resolution mode to enhance phase, duty cycle and dead-time resolution

up to 250 ps. High-Resolution mode cannot be used with frequency scaling or the clock divider. To enable High-

Resolution mode for a given PWM Generator, set the HREN control bit (PGxCONL[7]). The HRRDY status bit

(PCLKCON[15]) indicates when the high-resolution circuitry is ready and the HRERR bit (PCLKCON[14]) indicates a

clocking error has occurred. When operating in high resolution, Dual PWM mode cannot be used in conjunction with

Complementary Output mode.

Note: When using High-Resolution mode, the CLKSEL[1:0] bits (PGxCONL[4:3]) must be set to ‘ ’ to select01

pwm_master_clk directly, and the pwm_master_clk must be configured for the correct frequency. Refer to the PWMx

Module Timing Requirements within the section of the device data sheet for this value.“Electrical Characteristics”

For dsPIC33C devices, the pwm_master_clk frequency must be 500 MHz in High-Resolution mode.

4.1.3.1 Data Registers in High Resolution

When High-Resolution mode is selected, some of the PWM Data registers have limited resolution. For some

registers, the Least Significant bits (LSbs) of the data value are forced to ‘ ’, regardless of the value written to the0

whose function is dependent on High-Resolution mode. High-resolution operational differences are summarized in

Table 4-1.

Table 4-1. PWM Data Registers, High-Resolution Mode

Bits

15:3 2 1 0

PGxLEB 000

PGxPHASE

PGxDC

PGxDCA 000

PGxPER

PGxTRIGA(B)(C) (Notes 2, 5) 000

PGxDT (Note 1)

PGxCAP (Note 3)

FSCL (Note 4)

FSMINPER (Note 4)

MPHASE

MDC

MPER

Notes:

1. The DTH and DTL register sizes are retained in High-Resolution mode. See the and PGxDTL PGxDTH

registers for details.

2. Bit 15 of the PGxTRIGy registers selects the counter phase that produces the

trigger when operating in Center-Aligned modes.

3. Bits 1 and 0 will read as ‘ ’ in Standard Resolution mode. In High-Resolution mode, bits[4:0] will read as ‘ ’.0 0

4. Not used in High-Resolution mode.

5. In Dual PWM mode, the PGxTRIGA and PGxTRIGB registers will be used to set the rising and falling edge

of the 2nd PWM signal, and the three LSbs will be utilized.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

4.1.3.2 Clocking Equations in High Resolution

Period calculations, when using High-Resolution mode, are shown in the following equations.

Equation: PWM Period Calculation, High-Resolution Mode

Edge-Aligned, Variable Phase

Operating Modes

FPWM

8 • FPGx_clk

(PGxPER + 8)

Center-Aligned Modes,

Edge-Aligned and Variable Phase Modes

FPWM

4 • FPGx_clk

(PGxPER + 8)

with Push-Pull Output Mode

Center-Aligned Modes

with Push-Pull Output Mode

FPWM =

2 • FPGx_clk

(PGxPER + 8)

PGxPER =

8 • FPGx_clk

FPWM



– 8

PGxPER =

4 • FPGx_clk

FPWM



– 8

PGxPER = 2 • FPGx_clk

FPWM



– 8

Where:

FPWM

= Switching Frequency

PWM Period = 1/F PWM

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Equation: PWM Duty Cycle, Phase, Trigger and Dead-Time Calculations, High Resolution

MDC or PGxDC(A) = (PGxPER + 8) • Duty Cycle

MPHASE or PGxPHASE = 8 • F

PGx_clk • Phase

PGxTRIGy = 8 • F

PGx_clk • Trigger Offset

PGxDTy = 8 • FPGx_clk • Dead Time

(y = A, B or C)

( )y = H or L

Where:

Duty Cycle is % between 0 and 100

Where:

Phase, Trigger Offset and Dead Time are specified

in time units (ms, µs or ns)

4.1.3.3 High-Resolution Period Synchronization

When operating in High-Resolution mode, it is possible for PWM output edges to not be aligned with PGx_clk that the

rest of the PWM module operates at. When PGxPER (or MPER) values are not divisible by eight, the period contains

a fractional value of PGx_clk. This fractional clock difference can cause other events, including End-of-Cycle (EOC),

triggers, etc., to not align with the output edges. The module contains an accumulator circuit to calculate and

minimize the offset over long time periods.

If synchronous behavior is desired, it is recommended to use PGxPER values with bits[2:0] equal to ‘ ’.0

The fine edge placement circuit itself adds delay to the PWM outputs when compared to the base PWM signal. Using

the base PWM signal for gating and synchronization in High-Resolution mode may cause unexpected results for a

few fine edge clock cycles in some cases. For example, using the PCI’s auto-terminate feature will remove an

override condition at EOC and places the PWM outputs back to their existing state. Override is applied after the fine

edge placement circuit, as shown in Figure 4-11 Figure 4-15 and . Since the EOC event is based on the base PWM

signal, the delay through the fine edge circuit may be observed before the next PWM cycle is started. This behavior

can be mitigated by using a PHASE offset equal to PGxPER – 8.

In addition to EOC events, using timers operating on the base PWM signal (such as LEB and PGxTRIGy) or other

PWM Generators as a source may also be susceptible in some conditions.

4.1.4 Clocking Synchronization

Due to the separate clocking domains of the PWM module and the CPU’s system clock, there are inherent

synchronization delays associated with SFR reads. This delay is dependent on the relative speeds of the CPU

(sys_clk) and the PWM Generator clock (PGx_clk). Typically, the CPU clock will be slower and SFR data can be

delayed up to one sys_clk cycle. It is also important to note that each PWM Generator can run at a different speed

and this can have an effect on interactions between PWM Generators.

4.1.5 Minimum PWM Period and Pulse Width

The PWM module has some restrictions regarding minimum PWM periods and pulse widths. Depending on the

operating mode, the pulse width can also be dependent on PHASE and TRIGy, in addition to duty cycle. The

minimum pulse width applies to both active and inactive states; 0% and 100% duty cycles are supported.

Table 4-2 below lists restrictions to period and pulse width.

Table 4-2. Minimum Period and Pulse Width

Mode Minimum Period

(PGxPER or MPER)

Minimum Active Pulse

Width in Counts

Minimum Inactive Pulse

Width in Counts

Standard Resolution 0x0020 0x0008 Period – 0x0008

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

...........continued

Mode Minimum Period

(PGxPER or MPER)

Minimum Active Pulse

Width in Counts

Minimum Inactive Pulse

Width in Counts

High Resolution 0x0080 0x0020 Period – 0x0020

4.2 PWM Generator (PG) Features

Most of the features and controls of the PWM module are at the PWM Generator level and are controlled using each

PWM Generator’s SFRs. PWM Generator operation is based on triggers. The PWM Generator must receive a Start-

of-Cycle (SOC) trigger signal to generate each PWM cycle. The trigger signal may be generated outside of the PWM

Generator or the PWM Generator may be self-triggered. When a PWM Generator reaches the end of a PWM cycle, it

produces an End-of-Cycle (EOC) trigger that can be used by other PWM Generators.

If multiple PWM Generators run at different frequencies, the triggers can be synchronized using the PCI Sync block.

4.2.1 PWM Generator Clocking

Each PWM Generator can be clocked independently of one another for maximum flexibility. There are four clock

options available selected by the CLKSEL[1:0] bits (PGxCONL[4:3]):

1. No clock (lowest power state).

2. Output of MCLKSEL[1:0].

3. Output of clock divider.

4. Output frequency scaler.

This configuration flexibility allows, for example, one group of PWM Generators to operate at a higher frequency,

while another group of PWM Generators operates at a lower frequency. For additional information on clock inputs,

see .4.1.1 Master Clocking

Note: Do not change the MCLKSEL[1:0] or CLKSEL[1:0] bits while the PWM Generator is in operation

(ON (PGxCONL[15]) = ).1

4.2.2 PWM Modes

The PWM module supports a wide range of PWM modes for both motor control and power supply designs. The

following PWM modes are supported:

• Independent Edge PWM mode (default)

• Variable Phase PWM mode

• Independent Edge PWM mode, Dual Output

• Center-Aligned PWM mode

• Double Update Center-Aligned PWM mode

• Dual Edge Center-Aligned PWM mode

The PWM modes are selected by setting the MODSEL[2:0] bits (PGxCONL[2:0]). Some modes utilize multiple time

base cycles to complete a single PWM cycle. Refer to the previous equation for specifics on timing.

4.2.2.1 Independent Edge PWM Mode

Independent Edge PWM mode is used for many applications and can be used to create edge-aligned PWM signals,

as well as PWM signals with arbitrary phase offsets. This mode is the default operating mode of the PWM Generator

and is selected when MODSEL[2:0] = (PGxCONL[2:0]). Two Data registers must be written to define the rising000

and falling edges. The characteristics of the PWM signal are determined by these three SFRs:

• PGxPHASE: Determines the position of the PWM signal rising edge from the start of the timer count cycle

• PGxDC: Determines the position of the PWM signal falling edge from the start of the timer count cycle

• PGxPER: Determines the end of the PWM timer count cycle

A basic Edge-Aligned PWM mode signal is created by setting PGxPHASE = . Alternatively, multiple PWM0

Generators can be synchronized to one another by using the same PGxPHASE value. A constant value equivalent to

the PGxPHASE value of other PWM Generators can be used to synchronize multiple PGs. The duty cycle is varied

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

by writing to the PGxDC register. Arbitrary phase PWM signals may be generated by writing to PGxPHASE and

PGxDC with the appropriate values. If PGxPHASE = PGxDC, no PWM pulse will be produced. If PGxDC ≥ PGxPER,

a 100% duty cycle pulse is produced. shows the relationship between the control SFRs and the outputFigure 4-2

waveform.

Figure 4-2. Independent Edge PWM Mode

PGxPER

PWM

Timer

PGxDC

PWMx

PGxPHASE

SOC EOC

4.2.2.2 Variable Phase PWM Mode

The Variable Phase PWM mode differs from Independent Edge mode in that one register is used to select the phase

offset from the Start-of-Cycle and a second register is used to select the width of the pulse. The Variable Phase PWM

mode is useful as the PGxDC register is programmed to a constant value, while the PGxPHASE value is modulated.

The PWM logic will automatically calculate rising edge and falling edge times to maintain a constant pulse width.

Similarly, the user can leave the PGxPHASE register programmed to a constant value to create signals with a

constant phase offset and variable duty cycle. The Variable Phase PWM mode is selected when MODSEL[2:0]

(PGxCONL[2:0]) = . The characteristics of the PWM signal are determined by these three SFRs:001

• PGxPHASE: Determines the offset of the PWM signal rising edge from the start of the

timer cycle

• PGxDC: Determines the width of the PWM pulse and location of the PWM signal

falling edge

• PGxPER: Determines the end of the PWM timer count cycle

Figure 4-3 shows the relationship between the control SFRs and the output waveform.

Figure 4-3. Variable Phase PWM Mode

PGxPER

SOC EOC

PWM

Timer

PWMx

PGxDC

PGxPHASE

The Master Duty Cycle SFR (MDC) can also be used to change the duty cycle of all phases with a single register

write. An example of a multiphase system is shown in . Variable Phase mode cannot support active dutyFigure 4-4

cycles across EOC boundaries. Phase + DC ≤ Period to allow for completion of the duty cycle for EOC.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Figure 4-4. Multiphase PWM Example

PWM1

PWM2

PWM3

PWM4

Duty Cycle

PG2PHASE

PG3PHASE

PG4PHASE

Period

SOC Trigger

EOC

4.2.2.3 Dual PWM Mode

The Dual PWM mode allows a single PWM Generator to produce two independent pulse widths on the PWMxH and

PWMxL output pins. This mode is the equivalent of Independent Edge mode, except that it allows a second PWM

pulse to be produced if the Independent Output mode is used. The Dual PWM modes are selected when

MODSEL[2:0] (PGxCONL[2:0]) = . The PGxTRIGA and PGxTRIGB registers function as a second set of010

PGxPHASE and PGxDC registers to allow control of a second duty cycle generator. shows theFigure 4-5

relationship between the control SFRs and the output waveform. Dual PWM mode cannot be use in conjunction with

Complementary Output mode when operating in high resolution (HREN = ).1

Figure 4-5. Dual PWM Mode

PGxPER

SOC EOC

PWM

Timer

PWMxH

PGxDC

PGxPHASE

PWMxL

PGxTRIGB

PGxTRIGA

The PGxTRIGA and PGxTRIGB event output signals continue to operate normally in this mode, and can still be used

as phase offset triggers for other PWM Generators, ADC triggers, etc. If an independent trigger is needed, the

PGxTRIGC register can be used. For additional information on ADC triggers, see 4.2.9 ADC Triggers.

Since the PWM signals produced on the PWMxH and PWMxL pins are produced from the same PWM generator,

they will be equally affected by any PWM Control Input (PCI) signals that are enabled. The PWMxH and PWMxL pins

will be driven to the states defined in the PGxIOCON register. Therefore, it is important that the two PWM outputs be

used for related application functions if the PCI signals are to be used.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

4.2.2.4 Center-Aligned PWM Mode

Center-Aligned PWM mode signals avoid coincident rising or falling edges between PWM Generators when the duty

cycles are different, reducing excessive current ripple and filtering requirements in power inverter applications.

The PWM pulse maintains symmetry around the end of the first timer cycle and the beginning of the second cycle. If

the duty cycle of the PWM signal is increased, then the position of the rising edge and the falling edge will change to

maintain this symmetry. Center-Aligned PWM mode is selected when MODSEL[2:0] (PGxCONL[2:0]) = . Center-100

Aligned PWM operating mode uses two timer cycles to produce a single pulse. The characteristics of the PWM signal

are defined by two SFRs:

• PGxDC: Determines the width of the PWM pulse from the center of the two timer cycles

• PGxPER: Determines the end of the PWM timer count cycle

The falling edge occurs when the PWM Generator Timer = PGxDC, and the rising edge occurs when the

PG Timer = PGxPER – PGxDC + 1. An offset of 1 is added to the rising edge calculation to produce symmetry

between the two timer count cycles. A PGxDC value of ‘ ’, for example, will produce a pulse that is two cycles in1

duration.

The timer cycle is tracked using the CAHALF status bit (PGxSTAT[1]), and is read as ‘ ’ on the first half of cycle and0

‘ ’ on the second half. Buffer updates to the duty cycle or period are allowed only at the beginning of the first timer1

cycle. The End-of-Cycle (EOC) interrupt is generated only after the completion of both period cycles. Figure 4-6

shows the relationship between the control SFRs and the output waveform. See 4.2.11 Data Buffering for additional

information on data buffering.

Figure 4-6. Center-Aligned PWM Mode

EOC/SOCSOC

PGxPER

PWM

Timer

CAHALF (PGxSTAT[1])

PWMx

EOC Interrupt

PGxDC

Data Buffer

Update

Write to

PGxDC

Data Buffer

Update

PGxDC

4.2.2.5 Double Update Center-Aligned PWM Mode

Double Update Center-Aligned PWM mode works identically to Center-Aligned PWM mode, except that two

interrupts and two data buffer updates occur per PWM cycle. This mode is useful when the user wants to decrease

the latency of a control loop response. Note that this will eliminate the symmetrical nature of the Center-Aligned PWM

mode pulse, since the rising edge and falling edge of the pulse can be controlled independently. Double Update

Center-Aligned PWM mode is selected when MODSEL[2:0] (PGxCONL[2:0]) = . shows the101 Figure 4-7

relationship between the control SFRs and the output waveform.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Figure 4-7. Double Update Center-Aligned Mode

EOC/SOCSOC

PGxPER

PWM

Timer

CAHALF (PGxSTAT[1])

PWMx

EOC Interrupt

Buffer

Update

Buffer

Update

Write to

PGxDC

Buffer

Update

Write to

PGxDC

Buffer

Update

PGxDC PGxDC PGxDC

4.2.2.6 Dual Edge Center-Aligned PWM Mode

Dual Edge Center-Aligned PWM mode works identically to Double Update Center-Aligned PWM mode, but allows the

rising edge time and the falling edge time to be controlled via separate Data registers. This mode gives the user the

most flexibility in the adjustment of the center-aligned pulse, yet offers a lower frequency of interrupt events. Note that

this will eliminate the symmetrical nature of the center-aligned PWM pulse unless the PGxPHASE = PGxDC.

• PGxPHASE: Determines the rising edge time pulse from the center of the two timer cycles

• PGxDC: Determines the falling edge time pulse from the center of the two timer cycles

Both Single and Double Data Buffer Update modes are available within the Dual Edge Center-Aligned PWM mode.

Single Update mode is selected when MODSEL[2:0] = and Double Update mode is selected when110

MODSEL[2:0] = . In Single Update mode, the user may write a new PGxPHASE and PGxDC value at any time111

during the cycle to be used on the next center-aligned cycle. In Double Update mode, an interrupt event and a Data

the falling edge event and PGxPHASE for the rising edge event. User software must check the state of the CAHALF

bit (PGxSTAT[1]) to determine the appropriate register to update. If CAHALF = (first half of the center-aligned0

cycle), the user software should write to the PGxDC register. If CAHALF = (second half of cycle), the user software1

should write to the PGxPHASE register. and show the relationship between the control SFRsFigure 4-8 Figure 4-9

and the output waveform.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Figure 4-8. Dual Edge Center-Aligned PWM Mode (MODSEL[2:0] = )110

EOC/SOCSOC

PGxPER

PWM

Timer

CAHALF (PGxSTAT[1])

PWMx

EOC Interrupt

Buffer

Update

Write to

PGxPHASE

Write to

PGxDC

Buffer

Update

PGxPHASE PGxDC PGxPHASE

Figure 4-9. Dual Edge Center-Aligned PWM Mode (MODSEL[2:0] = )111

EOC/SOCSOC

PGxPER

PWM

Timer

CAHALF (PGxSTAT[1])

PWMx

EOC Interrupt

Phase Buffer

Update

PGxDC Buffer

Update

Write to

PGxDC

Buffer

Update

PGxPHASE PGxDC PGxPHASE

Write to

PGxPHASE

PGxDC Buffer

Update

4.2.3 Output Modes

Each PWM Generator can be programmed to one of three output modes to control the behavior of the PWMxH and

PWMxL pins. The output mode selection is independent of the PWM mode. The output modes are:

• Complementary Output mode (default)

• Independent Output mode

• Push-Pull Output mode

4.2.3.1 Complementary Output Mode

In Complementary Output mode, both the PWMxH and PWMxL signals are never active at the same time. A dead-

time switching delay may be inserted between the two signals and is controlled by the PGxDT register.

Complementary Output mode is selected when PMOD[1:0] (PGxIOCONH[5:4]) = . For more information on dead00

time, see 4.2.6 Dead Time.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Figure 4-10. PWMxH/PWMxL Rising and Falling Edges Due to Dead Time

DTH

PWMxHPWMxH

PWMxL

DTL

Period

OUTPUT OVERRIDE BEHAVIOR IN COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT MODE

The PWMxH and PWMxL outputs may be controlled by external hardware signals or by software overrides. The

output pins are restricted from being placed in a state which violates the complementary output relationship or in a

state which violates dead-time insertion delays. An output pin may be driven inactive immediately as a result of a

hardware event. However, a pin will not be driven active until the programmed dead-time delay has expired. The

following hardware and software override states are programmed using the following:

• PCI Fault event, FLTDAT[1:0] (PGxIOCONL[7:6])

• PCI current limit event, CLDAT[1:0] (PGxIOCONL[5:4])

• PCI feed-forward event, FFDAT[1:0] (PGxIOCONL[3:2])

• Debugger Halt, DBDAT[1:0] (PGxIOCONL[1:0])

• Software override, OVRENH (PGxIOCONL[13]) and OVRENL (PGxIOCONL[12])

• Swap of PWMxH and PWMxL pins, SWAP (PGxIOCONL[14])

Figure 4-11 shows the signal chain for override behavior in Complementary mode. The SWAP control is applied first

and is therefore, overridden by all other controls. Next, the request to drive a pin active is applied before dead time,

so dead time is still applied to the output; after which, the dead-time generator is requested to drive a pin inactive.

This arrangement allows the inactive state to take precedence over SWAP and an active request. Finally, the polarity

control is applied to the pin.

The PCI overrides operate on a priority scheme; see for more information.4.2.5.2 Output Control PCI Blocks

Figure 4-11. Override and SWAP Signal Flow, Complementary Mode

raw_pwm

PWM

Generator

SWAP

Dead-Time

Generator

High

Dead-Time

Generator

Low

POLL

POLH PWMxH

PWMxL

A = Request to drive PWMxL active (OVRDAT[0] = 1)

B = Request to drive PWMxH active (OVRDAT[1] = 1)

C = Request to drive PWMxH inactive (OVRDAT[1] = 0)

D = Request to drive PWMxL inactive (OVRDAT[0] = 0)

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Table 4-3 shows the rules for pin override conditions. The active state is a ‘ ’ on the output pin and the inactive state1

is a ‘ ’. An ‘ ’ denotes a ‘don’t care’ input; ~PWM indicates the complementary output of the PWM Generator’s0 x

output.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Table 4-3. Override Behavior in Complementary Output Mode

Source SWAP OVRENH OVRENL OVRDAT[1:0] FFDAT[1:0] CLDAT[1:0] FLTDAT[1:0] DBGDAT[1:0] PWMxH

Signal

PWMxL

Signal

Debug Override

DEBUG x x x xx xx xx xx 00 Inactive Inactive

01 Inactive Active

1x Active Inactive

Fault Override – Debug Override must be Inactive

PCI FLT x x x xx xx xx 00 xx Inactive Inactive

01 Inactive Active

1x Active Inactive

Current Limit Override – Fault and Debug Overrides must be Inactive

PCI CL x x x xx xx 00 xx xx Inactive Inactive

01 Inactive Active

1x Active Inactive

Feed-Forward Override – Software, Current Limit, Fault and Debug Overrides must be Inactive

PCI FF x 0 0 xx 00 xx xx xx Inactive Inactive

01 Inactive Active

1x Active Inactive

Software Override – Current Limit, Fault and Debug Overrides must be Inactive

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

...........continued

Source SWAP OVRENH OVRENL OVRDAT[1:0] FFDAT[1:0] CLDAT[1:0] FLTDAT[1:0] DBGDAT[1:0] PWMxH

Signal

PWMxL

Signal

Software Override 0 0 1 x0 xx xx xx xx PWM Inactive

1 0 0x Inactive ~PWM

1 0 0 00 ~PWM PWM

0 1 x0 ~PWM Inactive

0 1 x1 Inactive Active

x 1 0 1x Active Inactive

1 1 00 Inactive Inactive

1 1 01 Inactive Active

1 1 1x Active Inactive

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

OUTPUT BEHAVIOR AT START-UP IN COMPLEMENTARY MODE

When the PWM is initialized and the ON bit is set, the outputs immediately go to a Complementary state. There is an

output delay as the signals propagate through the PWM logic. This causes the start of the active duty cycle to appear

delayed, with the PWMxL output transitioning to an Inactive state (pin high) for four master_pwm_clk cycles (eight

cycles in high resolution). Once active duty cycle starts, the PWMx pins will behave as stated in Table 4-3.

4.2.3.2 Independent Output Mode

In Independent Output mode, the output of the PWM Generator is connected to both the PWMxH and PWMxL pins.

In most application scenarios, only the PWMxH or PWMxL pin would be enabled. The other pin remains available for

GPIO or other peripheral functions. If the Dual PWM mode is selected, the PWM Generator will produce independent

pulse widths on PWMxH and PWMxL, as described in . No dead-time switching delay is4.2.2.3 Dual PWM Mode

used in Independent Output mode. No restrictions exist for the states of the PWMxH and PWMxL pins; they can be

controlled by external hardware signals or by software overrides. Independent Output mode is selected when

PMOD[1:0] (PGxIOCONH[5:4]) = .01

4.2.3.3 Push-Pull Output Mode

The Push-Pull Output mode is similar to Independent Edge mode, however, the PWM cycle, as defined by the

MODSEL[2:0] bits, is repeated twice each time a SOC trigger is received. The EOC trigger event and updates from

Data registers are held off until the end of the second PWM cycle. shows the 2nd cycle that is invokedFigure 4-12

when using Push Pull Output mode.

Figure 4-12. Push-Pull PWM

Duty Cycle

Buffer

Update

Duty Cycle

PWM Timer

Duty Cycle Match Timer Resets

Period

Value

PWMxH

PWMxL

STEER

Interrupt

Event

SOC EOC

Note: Operating the PWM in Push-Pull mode will double the period for a complete cycle, as there are two timer

matches per cycle. If PGxTRIGy timers are used for event timing, the STEER signal can be used to gate application

timing.

Push-Pull PWM mode is typically used in transformer coupled circuits to ensure that no net DC currents flow through

the transformer. Push-Pull mode ensures that the same duty cycle PWM pulse is applied to the transformer windings

in alternate directions. The phase of the push-pull count period can be determined by reading the STEER status bit

(PGxSTAT[2]). If STEER = , the PWM Generator is generating the first PWM pulse. If STEER = , the PWM0 1

Generator is generating the second PWM pulse.

Since dead time is not available in Push-Pull mode, delays can be emulated in the Push-Pull Output mode by

introducing a small phase offset with the PGxPHASE register. Similarly, the maximum duty cycle may be limited in

software to avoid a pulse that ends too close to the start of the next PWM cycle.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

PUSH-PULL OPERATION WITH CENTER-ALIGNED MODES

When the PWM Generator is operated in one of the two Center-Aligned modes, and the Push-Pull mode is selected,

a complete PWM cycle will comprise four time base cycles.

Note: High-Resolution mode should not be used in Push-Pull operation with Center-Aligned modes.

Figure 4-13 shows the operation of the module with Push-Pull Output mode and Center-Aligned PWM mode. This

combination of modes limits PWM buffer updates and interrupt events to every 4th time base cycle. Therefore, the

same pulse is produced on the PWMxH and PWMxL pins before any changes to the duty cycle are allowed. Similar

interrupt behavior also occurs when Dual Edge Center-Aligned mode (one update per cycle) is selected

(MODSEL[2:0] = ).110

Figure 4-13. Push-Pull PWM: Center-Aligned Mode, Dual Edge Center-Aligned Mode with One Update per

Cycle (MODSEL[2:0] = )110

Period

Value

SOC EOC/SOC

PWM Timer

PWMxH

PWMxL

CAHALF

STEER

Interrupt

Event

Buffer

Update

Figure 4-14 shows the operation of the module with Push-Pull Output mode and Dual Edge Center-Aligned PWM

mode (two updates per cycle, MODSEL[2:0] = ) or Double Update Center-Aligned mode. This combination of111

modes allows a buffer update and interrupt event on every time base cycle. This operating configuration does not

attempt to maintain symmetrical pulses on the PWMxH and PWMxL outputs, which is a requirement for many push-

pull applications. User software can change the edge times of the center-aligned pulses after every edge event,

which minimizes control loop latency.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Figure 4-14. Push-Pull PWM: Double Update Center-Aligned Mode, Dual Edge Center-Aligned Mode with

Four Updates per Cycle (MODSEL[2:0] = )111

Period

Value

SOC EOC/SOC

PWM Timer

PWMxH

PWMxL

CAHALF

STEER

Interrupt

Event

Buffer

Update

Buffer

Update

Buffer

Update

Buffer

Update

4.2.3.4 Output Override in Push-Pull and Independent Modes

When operating in Push-Pull or Independent Output modes, there is no logic that enforces a complementary

relationship between the PWMxH and PWMxL signals. It is possible to drive both pins to an active state with a

software or hardware (PCI) override. This output state may or may not be desirable, depending on the external circuit

that is controlled by the PWM Generator. Therefore, care must be taken when selecting the pin override values. Many

push-pull applications require an equal pulse on both the PWMxH and PWMxL outputs to avoid a DC component. If

the application is sensitive to this, perform software overrides after two complete timer cycles have taken place.

Hardware PCI overrides should be configured to take effect after both timer cycles in the push-pull sequence have

occurred. This can be accomplished by using the STEER signal, routed through the Event logic to a pin, which can

then be selected as an input to the PCI block.

Figure 4-15. Override and SWAP Signal Flow, Push-Pull Output Mode

SWAP

PWM

Generator

Push-Pull

Logic

raw_pwm

Software, Hardware

Overrides

POLH

POLL

PWMxH

PWMxL

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Table 4-4 shows the rules for pin override conditions. The active state is a ‘ ’ on the output pin and the inactive state1

is a ‘ ’. An ‘ ’ denotes a ‘don’t care’ input; ~PWM indicates the complementary output of the PWM Generator's0 x

output.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Table 4-4. Override and SWAP Behavior in Push-Pull, Independent Output Modes

Source SWAP OVRENH OVRENL OVRDAT[1:0] FFDAT[1:0] CLDAT[1:0] FLTDAT[1:0] DBGDAT[1:0] PWMxH

Pin State

PWMxL

Pin State

Debug Override

DEBUG x x x xx xx xx xx 00 Inactive Inactive

01 Inactive Active

10 Active Inactive

11 Active Active

Fault Override – Debug Override Must be Inactive

PCI FLT x x x xx xx xx 00 xx Inactive Inactive

01 Inactive Active

10 Active Inactive

11 Active Active

Current Limit Override – Fault and Debug Overrides Must be Inactive

PCI CL x x x xx xx 00 xx xx Inactive Inactive

01 Inactive Active

10 Active Inactive

11 Active Active

Feed-Forward Override – Software, Current Limit, Fault and Debug Overrides Must be Inactive

PCI FF x 0 0 xx 00 xx xx xx Inactive Inactive

01 Inactive Active

10 Active Inactive

11 Active Active

Software Override – Current Limit, Fault and Debug Overrides Must be Inactive

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

...........continued

Source SWAP OVRENH OVRENL OVRDAT[1:0] FFDAT[1:0] CLDAT[1:0] FLTDAT[1:0] DBGDAT[1:0] PWMxH

Pin State

PWMxL

Pin State

Software Override 0 0 1 x0 xx xx xx xx PWMH Inactive

0 1 x1 PWMH Active

1 0 0x Inactive PWML

1 0 1x Active PWML

1 0 1 x0 PWML Inactive

0 1 x1 PWML Active

1 0 0x Inactive PWMH

1 0 1x Active PWMH

x 1 1 00 Inactive Inactive

01 Inactive Active

10 Active Inactive

11 Active Active

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

4.2.4 PWM Generator Triggers

Each PWM Generator must receive a Start-of-Cycle (SOC) trigger to begin a PWM cycle. The trigger signal can be

supplied by the PWM Generator itself (self-triggered) or another external trigger source. The SOC trigger can be

generated from three sources:

• An internal source operating from the same clock source selected by the [3:0] bits (PGxCONH[3:0])SOCS

• An external source selected by the PWM Control Input (PCI) Sync block

• A software trigger request, write to TRSET (PGxSTAT[7])

Any of the PWM Generators may act as a ‘host’ by providing the trigger for other PWM Generators. Many trigger

configurations may be achieved, including:

• Multiple PWM outputs with independent periods (no synchronization between

PWM Generators)

• Multiple PWM outputs with synchronized periods (synchronized operation)

• Multiple PWM outputs with offset phase relationships (triggered operation)

Synchronized operation is achieved by setting a (client) PWM Generator’s SOCSx bits to that of another (host) PWM

Generator, with the host’s PGTRGSEL[2:0] bits (PGxEVT[2:0]) set to ‘ ’. This selects the host’s EOC to be used000

as the client’s SOC trigger. When using PGxTRIGy to phase offset PWM generators from one another, a

synchronization delay of up to five pwm_master_clk are present. If the TRIG value is ‘ ’, there will still be an offset.0

The TRIGy value may need to be compensated for the application.

Triggered operation is achieved in a similar way, but with the host’s [2:0] bits (PGxEVTL[2:0]) set toPGTRGSEL

select one of the PGxTRIGy counters (y = A, B or C). The value specified in the host’s TRIGy register defines the

client’s trigger offset from that of the host’s SOC.

The SOCS[3:0] control bits have two special selections. When SOCS[3:0] = , the PWM Generator is internally0000

triggered. When SOSC[3:0] = , no trigger source is selected. This selection is useful when the PWM Generator1111

will be triggered only by software, using the TRSET bit, or from a source connected to the PCI Sync block. In this

mode, the next PWM cycle will not start until another trigger is received. The sources available to the PCI Sync block

include external signals, such as comparator events, device I/O pins, etc. One of the important functions of the PCI

Sync block is to synchronize external input signals into the clock domain of the PWM Generator. See 4.2.5 PWM

Control Input (PCI) Logic Blocks for more information on the PCI block. The PCI Sync can be OR’d into any of the

other Start-of-Cycle inputs (SOCS[3:0]) as long as the block is enabled. The trigger output of another PWM

Generator can also be used as a SOC event. See for configuration options.4.2.10 Event Selection Block

4.2.4.1 Trigger Operation

A PWM cycle starts only when it receives a SOC trigger. When the time base reaches its end, the PWM cycle

completes and the PWM Generator exits a triggered state. The PWM Generator must be retriggered to continue

operation, which can be done in several ways.

• The PWM Generator is self-triggered (SOCS[3:0] = , default)0000

• A new trigger pulse is received which is coincident with the end of the PWM cycle event. This can be achieved

by multiple PWM Generators having matching PGxPER values, PWM modes and PWM Output modes

The TRIG status bit (PGxSTAT[0]) indicates whether the PWM Generator is in a triggered state.

The EOC signal is the default input to the SOC trigger selection multiplexer, which allows self-triggering. The EOC

trigger is generated when the PWM Generator has finished a PWM cycle. It is also generated when the ON bit

(PGxCONL[15]) associated with the PWM Generator has been set. This allows all PWM Generators receiving the

EOC signal to start in unison when the ON bit of the host PWM Generator has been set. The ON bit of the other client

PWM Generators needs to be set previously to achieve a synchronous start.

4.2.4.2 Triggering Modes

The PWM Generator provides two types of Triggering modes that determine how the SOC trigger is used. The

Triggering modes are:

• Single Trigger mode (default)

• Retriggerable mode

The Trigger mode is selected using the TRGMOD[1:0] control bits (PGxCONH[7:6]).

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

SINGLE TRIGGER MODE

Single Trigger (Single Shot) mode is used when a PWM Generator timer is started at the same time as (or a time that

is offset from) another PWM Generator timer. This mode is also useful for creating a single PWM pulse or creating a

single delay based on an external event. If a timer cycle is currently in progress, any incoming SOC trigger pulses will

be ignored. The entire timer cycle must complete before another SOC trigger can restart the timer. Single Trigger

mode is selected when TRGMOD[1:0] = .00

RETRIGGERABLE MODE

Retriggerable mode is different from Single Trigger mode in that a PWM cycle may be restarted before the end of a

cycle that is already in progress. If this is done, the count will be reset when a new trigger is received and the current

PWM cycle stopped. This mode can be especially useful when a PWM Generator is synchronized to an external, off-

chip source that operates from a different clock source. The Retriggerable mode is selected when

TRGMOD[1:0] = . The TRGCNT[2:0] bits (PGxCONL[10:8]) can be written to produce a multiple cycle PWM event.01

4.2.4.3 Burst Mode

In some applications, it is desirable to have the PWM cycle repeat a certain number of times after the PWM

Generator is triggered. The TRGCNT[2:0] control bits (PGxCONL[10:8]) select the number of times the PWM cycle

will be repeated after a trigger event. If the PWM Generator operates in the Single Trigger mode, then any incoming

triggers will be ignored until all PWM cycles are completed. If the PWM Generator operates in the Retriggerable

mode, then an incoming trigger will start a new PWM cycle and reset the internal cycle count value.

4.2.4.4 Trigger Registers in Center-Aligned Mode

When using any of the Center-Aligned modes, bit 15 of the PGxTRIGA, PGxTRIGB and PGxTRIGC Trigger registers

specifies whether the trigger compare time occurs in the first phase (CAHALF = ) or the second phase0

(CAHALF = ). User software should limit the maximum time base count period to 0x7FFF (15 bits) in Center-Aligned1

PWM mode to ensure proper operation of the Trigger registers in all Center-Aligned modes. Otherwise, two trigger

events may be generated in the center-aligned count phase depending on the values of the programmed period and

Trigger register value. In some situations, it is desirable to have a trigger event occur in both count phases; this can

be accomplished by programming two Trigger registers.

4.2.4.5 Behavior of PWM Generator Output Signal Across PWM Cycle Boundaries

During normal operation, the PWM Data registers will be programmed to create a PWM pulse which begins and

terminates within a single PWM cycle. It is possible to write values to the PWM Data registers which will result in a

100% duty cycle output or produce an active output that spans across PWM cycles. The PWM Generator must

remain in a continuously triggered state in order for the PWM output to remain active across PWM cycles. To remain

triggered, the PWM Generator trigger input signal must be coincident with the EOC output signal. This will happen

automatically when:

• The PWM Generator is self-triggered (SOCS[3:0] = )0000

• The local PGxPER value is set to the same value as the external PWM Generator that is providing the trigger

signal

If the PWM Generator trigger input signal does not occur at or before the EOC output signal, then the PWM

Generator will exit the triggered state and the PWM Generator output will be driven inactive.

4.2.5 PWM Control Input (PCI) Logic Blocks

The PWM Control Input (PCI) Logic blocks are flexible state machines that can be used for a wide variety of

purposes. The PCI blocks condition input signals and provide output signals used to trigger, gate and override the

PWM outputs. The PCI also allows interfacing PWM Generators to one another and external input signals. The PCI

blocks can be used to implement output control and triggering algorithms in hardware instead of using software

resources. There are four identical PCI blocks available for each PWM Generator. The PCI blocks are:

• Fault

• Current Limit

• Feed-Forward

• Sync

The names of the PCI block do not limit their usage; they are given unique names to designate the priority levels. The

Sync PCI block is intended for triggering, specifically from external events, including other PWM Generators. The

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Fault, Current Limit and Feed-Forward PCI blocks are used to control the PWM output from external signals and

other peripherals. The output state of the PWM pins can be independently configured to a predefined state for each

PCI block and operates in a priority scheme if more than one PCI block requests control over the PWM outputs. Each

PCI block has its own control register, PGxyPCI (with y = F, CL, FF or S), that contains the control bit associated with

its operation. The PCI logic has three major components used to create logic functions:

• Inputs:

– PCI source

– PCI source qualifier, used to gate the PCI source signal

– Terminator event, used to stop the ‘PCI_active’ output signal

– Terminator qualifier event, used to gate the terminator event

• Acceptance logic

• Output and bypass function

Available PCI source signals and mappings are device-dependent; refer to the specific device data sheet for

availability. Typical signals may include:

• Outputs to other PWM Generators

• Combo triggers (see 4.3.5 Combinatorial Triggers)

• Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

• Analog comparator

• Input capture

• Configurable Logic Cell (CLC)

• External input (device pin)

The output of a PCI block (PCI_active signal) is made available to the PWM output logic and other PWM Generators.

The status of the output signal of each PCI block is made available in the PGxSTAT register (2.2.3 PGxSTAT) in both

current and latched states. The PCI blocks can also generate interrupts; see for more4.2.10.2 Event Interrupts

information. The block diagrams of the PCI function are shown in and .Figure 4-16 Figure 4-17

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Figure 4-16. PCI Function Block Diagram

PSS<4:0> PPS

ACP<2:0>

PCI_active

(from other PWM Gens.)

BPSEL<2:0>

BPEN PCI Active Sync

TERM<2:0>

sys_clk

PCI External Bypass

External PCI Signal Select

PCI Source Select

PCI Terminator Event Select

Termination

PCI Source

Qualifier

PCI Termination Qualifier Select

PCI Source Qualifier Select

Qualifier

AQPS

TQPS

PCI Acceptance Logic

Terminator

EOC Event

See Figure 4-17

Auto-Terminate

PSYNC

TSYNCDIS

EOC Event

PCI Source Qualifier

PCI Software Control

SWTERM

PCI Termination Qualifier

TQSS<2:0>

AQSS<2:0>

Software Control

SWPCIM<1:0>

Software PCI Control Bit Assignment

SWPCI

Control Bit

PCI Software Control

PCI Source Qualifier Software Control

PCI Termination Qualifier Software Control

N/C

Connects to Terminator Event

Selection MUX

To Interrupt Logic

LATMOD

F. Edge

Detect

Sample

PCI

at EOC

Sync

Latch Event

and Delay Until

EOC

See Section 2.2.8 and 2.2.9.

111

= Selects PCI Source #9

110

= Selects PCI Source #8

101

= Selects PCI Source #1

100

= PGxTRIGC Trigger Event

011

= PGxTRIGB Trigger Event

010

= PGxTRIGA Trigger Event

001

= Auto-Terminate

000

= Manual Terminate

111

= SWPCI Control Bit Only

110

= Selects PCI Source #9

101

= Selects PCI Source #8

100

= Selects PCI Source #1

011

= PG is Triggered

010

= LEB Active

001

= Duty Cycle Active

000

= No Termination Qualifier

111

= SWPCI Control Bit Only

110

= Selects PCI Source #9

101

= Selects PCI Source #8

100

= Selects PCI Source #1

011

= PWM Generator is Triggered

010

= LEB is Active

001

= Duty Cycle is Active

000

= None, Forced to ‘

’

Note:

1. See and .Section “ ”2.2.8 PGxyPCIL Section “ ”2.2.9 PGxyPCIH

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Figure 4-17. PCI Acceptance Modes

PCI Source

Qualifier

Level

PCI Source

Qualifier

Rising Edge

Qualifier

Any Edge

PCI Source

Latched

PCI Source

Qualifier

Qualified Terminator

Latched Rising Edge

Qualified Terminator

PCI Source

Qualifier

Latched Any Edge

Qualified Terminator

Qualifier

PCI Source

PCI_active

Qualifier

PCI

PCI_active

Qualifier

PCI

PCI_active

Qualifier

PCI

PCI_active

Qualifier

PCI

Qualified

PCI_active

Qualifier

PCI

Qualified

PCI_active

Qualifier

PCI

Qualified

Terminator

Note 1: SR latch is Set-dominant when LATMOD = and Reset-dominant when LATMOD = .0 1

2: Qualifier signal and edge detection is synchronized to PGx_clk.

(Note 2)

R. Edge

Detect

F. Edge

Detect

R. Edge

Detect

S Q

R. Edge

Detect S Q

(Note 1)

F. Edge

Detect

R. Edge

Detect

S Q

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

4.2.5.1 Sync PCI

The main purpose of the Sync PCI block is to trigger and synchronize external events to the PWM clock domain. The

synchronization can induce up to a one PWM clock delay. The Sync block is the only PCI block that can initiate a

Start-of-Cycle and is available as an input to the SOCS[3:0] (PGxCONH[3:0]) MUX. The Sync and Feed-Forward are

the only PCI blocks that can trigger alternate dead time (duty cycle adjustment); see 4.2.6.1 Dead-Time

Compensation for additional details.

4.2.5.2 Output Control PCI Blocks

The three output control type PCI blocks are provided to place the PWM outputs in a predetermined state. The blocks

are prioritized in the following order, along with further details shown in Table 4-3 Table 4-4 and :

1. Fault

2. Current Limit

3. Feed-Forward

The Fault PCI block has the highest priority of the PCI blocks and will dictate the state of the outputs when the block

is used. A Fault condition is generally considered catastrophic, and is typically cleared with software.

The Current Limit PCI block was intended for use with current limit sensing circuitry, for either protection or use as a

control loop. Leading-Edge Blanking (LEB) is typically used to ignore switching transients in current sensing

applications. See for details on LEB.4.2.7 Leading-Edge Blanking

The Feed-Forward PCI block is intended for use as a control loop for power supply applications. If the sensing

circuitry detects a rapid change in load conditions, the system can be configured to take immediate action without

having to wait until the next PWM cycle to react.

Once a ‘PCI active’ signal is asserted, the value stored in the xDAT[1:0] bits (x = FLT, CL or FF) will be applied

immediately to the pins. xDAT bits are located in the PGxIOCON register.

4.2.5.3 PCI Logic Description

The PCI block contains three major blocks to support a wide range of applications. First are the inputs, with logic for

selecting and conditioning the input signals. Second, the PCI acceptance logic, which is the selectable logic functions

applied to the inputs and finally, output logic including bypass.

PCI SOURCE

The PCI source input is the main input into the PCI block and has the following features:

• Input selection multiplexer

• Polarity control

• Software control (SW override)

• Edge detect circuit for auto-terminate

• End-of-Cycle (EOC) synchronization

The PCI source is selected using the PSS[4:0] control bits (PGxyPCIL[4:0]). The polarity of the PCI input source can

be selected using the PPS control bit. The chosen PCI input source may be optionally synchronized to the end of a

PWM cycle using the PSYNC control bit. This synchronization is useful when a PCI signal is used to gate PWM

pulses, as the PCI signal can be delayed to the next PWM boundary, ensuring that a partial pulse is not produced at

the output. A falling edge detect circuit is present and can be used to automatically terminate the PCI active signal

when selected by the terminator event selection multiplexer.

PCI SOURCE QUALIFIER

The PCI source qualifier is a 2nd input signal used to ‘qualify’ the PCI source. The PCI source qualifier is ANDed with

the PCI source within the PCI acceptance logic. Inputs into the PCI source qualifier multiplexer include:

• Duty cycle active

• LEB active

• PWM Generator triggered

• PWMx output selected by PWMPCI[2:0] (PGxLEBH[10:8])

• External input (another peripheral or device pin)

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Like the PCI source input, the PCI source qualifier input has polarity and software control. The PCI source qualifier is

used in all PCU acceptance logic types, however, if it is unneeded, AQSS[2:0] (PGxyPCIL[10:8]) can be set to ‘ ’000

to effectively disable the qualifier.

PCI TERMINATOR EVENT AND QUALIFIER

The PCI termination event sources are used only in the Latched modes of the PCI acceptance logic functions and are

used to reset the latch. Inputs to the terminator event inputs include:

• SWTERM bit

• Trigger events (Trigger A, B, C)

• Auto-termination (falling edge detect on PCI source)

• PWMx output selected by PWMPCI[2:0] (PGxLEBH[10:8])

• External input (another peripheral or device pin)

The default option for the PCI terminator is SWTERM. The SWTERM bit must be written at least two PGx_clk cycles

prior to the EOC. Otherwise, the PCI termination event will be delayed until the following EOC. The PCI trigger option

(Trigger A, B or C) allows the PCI logic to be reset at a particular time in the PWM cycle. User software must select

the appropriate PGxTRIG to be used as the PCI trigger source. When using Automatic Termination mode, it is

recommended to select ‘none’ as the PCI termination qualifier. An EOC synchronization is provided by default and

can be disabled by setting the TSYNCDIS bit (PGxyPCIL[15]).

The inputs and features of the termination qualifier are similar to the PCI source qualifier. The termination qualifier is

used to create more advanced termination events.

USING A PWMx OUTPUT FOR PCI FUNCTION INPUT

The PWMPCI[2:0] control bits (PGxLEBH[10:8]) are used to select which one of the eight PWM outputs that can be

used by the PCI block. In some control loops, it is desirable to use the output of one PWM Generator to control

another generator. The selected PWMx output is made available as a selection on the PCI source qualifier select,

PCI terminator event select and PCI termination qualifier select MUXes, as shown in .Figure 4-18

Figure 4-18. PWM Source Selection for PCI

PWMPCI[2:0]

PG1

PG2

PG3

PG4

PG8

MUX

PCI Source Qualifier Select

PCI Terminator Event Select

PCI Termination Qualifier Select

4.2.5.4 PCI Acceptance Logic

PCI acceptance logic is the selectable logic function that is applied to the PCI inputs. The six types of available logic

functions shown in are:Figure 4-17

• Level mode: The PCI signal is passed directly through for use by the PWM Generator. The PCI signal may be

optionally qualified (ANDed) with an acceptance qualifier signal.

• Rising Edge modes: The PCI signal is passed through a rising edge detection circuit that generates a pulse

event. The PCI signal may be optionally qualified (ANDed) with an acceptance qualifier signal.

• Any Edge mode: The PCI signal is passed through both rising and falling edge detection circuits that generate a

pulse event on either edge transition. The PCI signal may be optionally qualified (ANDed) with an acceptance

qualifier signal.

• Latched mode: The PCI signal is used to set a SR latch. In this mode, a terminator signal and optional

terminator qualifier are used to reset the latch. The entry into the PCI active state is asynchronously latched and

possibly gated by a qualifier signal. The exit from the PCI active state is determined by a terminator signal and

possibly a terminator qualifier signal. The exit from the PCI active state can also be qualified by the absence of

the PCI signal itself. (This is particularly important when the Latched mode is used for Fault control applications.)

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

• Latched Rising Edge mode: The PCI signal is passed through a rising edge detect circuit and optionally qualified

to create a pulse event. This pulse event is used to set a SR latch. The SR latch can be reset in a similar fashion

to the Latched mode. The Latched Edge Detect mode allows the PCI to become active on a PCI edge event

after a qualifier signal is present.

• Latched Any Edge mode: This mode is similar to Latched Rising Edge mode except that either a rising or falling

edge is used to create the pulse event to set the latch.

Each mode of the PCI logic is intended to target a particular kind of power control function, although the functions can

be applied to a wide variety of applications. The Level mode is useful when the PCI signals are used to affect the

state of the PWM outputs asynchronously. For example, the Level mode could be used to allow an external blanking

signal to force the PWM output pins to a specific state for a period of time.

The Edge Event mode is useful when a PCI signal is used to synchronize a PWM Generator time base to an external

source. When the PCI logic is used as a synchronization function, the rising edge event of the PCI signal is of primary

interest. The edge event causes the PCI logic to generate an internal pulse which triggers a PWM Generator.

The Latched mode is useful for Fault and current-limiting applications. In these applications, it is important for the PCI

logic to enter the active state asynchronously when qualified. The PCI logic will remain active until a selected

terminating event occurs. Usually, the terminating event is a software action (manual) or the end of a PWM cycle

(automatic). The Latched Edge Detect mode is useful for some types of current control applications. The PCI output

cannot become active until a transition of the PCI input occurs after a qualifying condition.

LATCHING MODE CONTROL

By default, the SR latch used in Latched Acceptance modes is Set-dominant. This prevents a reset of the SR latch if

the PCI signal is active when the termination event signal is asserted. The LATMOD control bit (PGxyPCIH[4]) can be

used to create a Reset-dominant SR latch for certain PWM control functions. It is not recommended to use a Reset-

dominant SR latch when the PCI logic is used to handle Fault conditions as this could allow the active state of the

PCI logic to be reset while the PCI input signal is still active. Examples of Latched modes are shown in .Figure 4-19

Figure 4-19. Latch Mode Control

PCI

Qualifier

Qualified

PCI_active

Terminator

Set Dominate

PCI

Qualifier

Qualified

PCI_active

Terminator

Reset Dominate

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

4.2.5.5 PCI External Bypass

An option to use the PCI output of another PWM Generator is possible using the PCI external bypass feature. The

PCI bypass function is useful when auxiliary, client or combinatorial PWM Generators require PCI functions based on

the host PWM Generator’s timing. The local PCI logic can be bypassed, using instead the output of the PCI block

from another PWM Generator. Only the same type of PCI (Fault, Overcurrent, Sync or Feed-Forward) block can be

utilized from another PWM Generator. When BPEN = , the PWM Generator specified by the BPSEL[2:0] bits1

(PGxyPCIH[14:12]) provides the PCI control. The override states of the FLTDAT[1:0], CLDAT[1:0] and FFDAT[1:0]

control bits are not affected when BPEN = . PWM pin override states are always determined by local control bits.1

4.2.5.6 Software PCI Control

All PCI blocks have provisions for software control to force and clear events or for development debugging. There are

three controls that can be used to manually control the PCI inputs:

• SWPCI control bit

• SWPCIM demultiplexer (for SWPCI control bit)

• SWTERM to generate a termination event

The SWPCI control bit (PGxyPCIH[7]) can have its programmed state of ‘ ’ or ‘ ’ routed to one of three destinations,0 1

specified by the SWPCIM[1:0] bits (PGxyPCIH[6:5]), as shown in .Figure 4-20

Figure 4-20. Software PCI Control Bit Assignment

SWPCI PCI Termination Qualifier Software Control

PCI Source Qualifier Software Control

PCI Software Control

Control Bit

N/C

SWPCIM<1:0>

The SWTERM bit is tied directly to the terminator event input logic, and can be used to manually terminate PCI

events by writing a ‘ ’ to SWTERM and having the TERM[2:0] bits selection set to ‘ ’. Additionally, the acceptance1 000

and terminator qualifier input multiplexers have an option to output a fixed state of ‘ ’, or when used with their1

respective polarity control, a fixed state of ‘ ’. These fixed states can be used for debugging or when the acceptance0

function is not needed.

PCI SOURCE EOC, LEVEL MODE

When the PCI acceptance logic is operated in Level mode and the PCI source is synchronized to the EOC event,

there is no logic that retains the state of the prior PCI source signal. Therefore, the resultant PCI output is simply the

PCI source signal synchronized to the EOC event. This configuration is useful for PWM chopping applications where

the PCI source signal is used as a gating signal. The gating signal is automatically aligned to the PWM cycle

boundaries, as shown in .Figure 4-21

Figure 4-21. PCI Source EOC Sync, Level Acceptance Mode

PCI Source

EOC

PCI Active

PCI SOURCE EOC, EDGE MODES

When the PCI acceptance logic is operated in the Rising Edge or Any Edge modes and PSYNC = , the PCI source1

is synchronized to the EOC event, as shown in . If an edge event is detected, the pulse is delayed untilFigure 4-22

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

the next EOC event. In the case that a PCI source signal becomes active, and then inactive, within a single PWM

cycle, the PCI active signal will not assert.

Figure 4-22. PCI Source EOC Sync, Edge Acceptance Modes

PCI Source

EOC

PCI Active

PCI Source

EOC

PCI Active

Rising Edge Mode

Any Edge Mode

PCI SOURCE EOC, LATCHED MODES

When the PCI acceptance logic is operated in the Latched mode and PSYNC = , the PCI source is synchronized to1

the EOC event, as shown in . The synchronization logic delays the rising edge of the PCI source signalFigure 4-23

until the next occurrence of the EOC signal. The output of the synchronization logic is deasserted on the falling edge

of the PCI source signal. The output of the synchronization logic is then used to set the SR latch. A PCI input pulse

that operates entirely within one EOC period will not assert the PCI active signal. This is because the falling edge of

the PCI input signal resets the EOC synchronization logic before an event can be produced.

Figure 4-23. PCI Source EOC Sync, Latched Acceptance Mode

PCI Source

EOC

Sync Out

PCI Active

Cleared by Selected Terminator Event at EOC (TSYNCDIS = 0)

Falling Edge Resets

EOC Synchronization

Logic

PCI SOURCE EOC, LATCHED EDGE MODES

When the PCI acceptance logic is operated in the Latched Edge modes and PSYNC = , the PCI source is1

synchronized to the EOC event, as shown in . This configuration operates similar to the Rising Edge andFigure 4-24

Any Edge modes, except that the event output of the synchronization logic is latched. A PCI source input pulse that

operates entirely within a PWM cycle will assert the PCI active signal.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Figure 4-24. PCI Source EOC Sync, Latched Edge Acceptance Modes

PCI Source

EOC

Edge Detect

PCI Source

EOC

Edge Detect

Latched Rising Edge Mode

Latched Any Edge Mode

Out

PCI Active

Term. Evt.

PCI Active

Note: These timing diagrams assume TSYNCDIS = ; therefore, the termination event takes 1

effect immediately.

PCI TERMINATOR EOC

By default, the PCI logic synchronizes a terminator event to the PWM EOC. This allows the PWM to resume cleanly

at the start of a new cycle. The rising edge of the terminating signal is held off until an occurrence of the EOC event.

The terminator signal is usually a pulse event used to reset the latched state of the PCI logic. If a short pulse is

received prior to the occurrence of an EOC event, a Reset pulse is produced at the next EOC event. If the terminator

signal is a longer pulse, the synchronized output is held active for as long as the terminator signal is present. This

behavior can be used to force the PCI logic to a Reset state, if desired. Terminator event synchronization timing is

shown in .Figure 4-25

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Figure 4-25. PCI Terminator EOC Synchronization

Term. Evt

EOC

Sync Out

PCI Active

Term. Evt

EOC

Sync Out

PCI Active

Terminating Pulse Across Cycle Boundary

Terminating Pulse within Cycle

4.2.6 Dead Time

The dead-time feature is used to provide a time period where neither complementary outputs are active at the same

time. Dead time is used to prevent both output driver devices (switches) in a bridge from conducting at the same

time, causing excessive current flow. Since output switch turn-on and turn-off times are non-instantaneous, dead time

is set to ensure that only one device is active. Dead time is implemented by holding off the assertion of the active

state. For the PWMxH output, this will delay the rising edge and for the PWMxL, the falling edge, as shown in Figure

4-26.

Dead-time duration is configured using the PGxDT register. The PGxDT register holds a pair of up to 14-bit dead-time

values, DTH and DTL, that are applied independently to the PWMxH and PWMxL outputs, respectively. The effective

bit width of the DTH and DTL registers is dependent on High-Resolution mode. When in standard resolution, the

upper three bits (13:11) are not used. This yields a maximum value of 0x07FF in standard resolution and 0x3FFF in

high resolution. Dead time is typically only used in Complementary Output mode.

Example: Dead-Time Calculation in Standard Resolution

FPGx_clk = 500 MHz

Desired Dead Time µs = 2

PGxDTy F = PGx_clk * Dead Time

(y = H or L)

PGxDTy MHz µs = 500 * 2 = 1000 = 0x03E8

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Example: Dead-Time Calculation in High Resolution

FPGx_clk = 500 MHz

Desired Dead Time ns = 200

PGxDTy F = 8 * PGx_clk * Dead Time

(y = H or L)

PGxDTy MHz ns = 8 * 500 * 200 = 800 = 0x0320

Figure 4-26. PWMxH/PWMxL Rising and Falling Edges Due to Dead Time

Period

DTH DTL

PWMxH

PWMxL

r _pwmaw

Signal

4.2.6.1 Dead-Time Compensation

The dead-time compensation feature allows the duty cycle to be selectively controlled by a PCI input. Dead-time

compensation is enabled by writing a non-zero value to the PGxDCA (PWM Generator x Duty Cycle Adjustment)

added to the value in the PGxDC register to create the effective duty cycle, as shown in . In High-Figure 4-27

Resolution mode, bits[2:0] of PGxDCA are forced to ‘ ’.0

The DTCMPSEL control bit (PGxIOCONH[8]) selects the PCI Logic block to be used for dead-time compensation,

which can either be the Feed-Forward or Sync PCI blocks. If the PGxDCA register is ‘ ’, the dead-time compensation0

function is disabled regardless of the DTCMPSEL value. The dead-time compensation input signal from the PCI logic

is sampled at the end of a PWM cycle for use in the next PWM cycle. The modification of the duty cycle duration via

the PGxDCA registers occurs during the end (trailing edge) of the duty cycle.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Figure 4-27. Adding PGxDCA Value to the PGxDC Register Value

PGxPER

PGxDC + PGxDCA

PGxDC

PCI_active

PWM Timer

PWMx

4.2.7 Leading-Edge Blanking

The Leading-Edge Blanking (LEB) feature is used to mask transients that could otherwise cause an erroneous Fault

condition. Leading-Edge Blanking can be implemented using any of the PCI blocks and basically ‘ignores’ an input

signal for a specified time following a PWM edge event.

Figure 4-28. Leading-Edge Blanking (LEB)

PWM

PCI Input

EOC

State Determined by CLDAT<1:0>

PCI Active

LEB

in Shaded Region

Terminator (auto)

Both the rising and falling edges of both PWMxH and PWMxL signals can be selected to start the LEB timer. The

LEB time duration is set by writing a value to the LEB bits (PGxLEBL[15:3]). More than one edge (PHR, PHF, PLR or

PLF; refer to the register) may be used; however, if timing overlaps, the counter will be reset on each validPGxLEBL

edge. In most applications, only one edge of the PWM signal needs to be selected to trigger the LEB timer.

The LEB counter is commonly used to avoid a false trip when the PCI logic is used for current limiting. In this

scenario, the LEB counter can be triggered on both edges of the PWM signal. The PCI logic is operated in Latched

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Acceptance mode with the LEB active signal used as a disqualifier to the PCI input signal. shows a PWMFigure 4-28

cycle where a PCI input goes active during the LEB timer. There is no PCI active event or output override until the

LEB timer has expired.

4.2.7.1 Leading-Edge Blanking Counter Period Calculation

The LEB counter value is stored in the [15:3] bits and defines the period of the counter (TPGxLEBL LEB). The lower

three bits are read-only and always read as ‘ ’, yielding a minimum LEB resolution of eight PGx_clks. The minimum0

blanking period is eight PGx_clks, which occurs when LEB[15:0] = . Equations for both standard resolution and high0

resolution are provided in the equations below.

Equation: Leading-Edge Blanking Period

8 * (LEB[15:3] + 1)

TLEB = FPGx_clk

FPGx_clk T* LEB

LEB[15:3] = 8







– 1

Where:

TLEB is specified in time units (ms, µs or ns)

Equation: Leading-Edge Blanking in Standard and High Resolution

FPGx_clk T* LEB

LEB[15:3] = 8

500 MHz * 1 µS

LEB[15:3] = 8– 1 = 61 = 0x3D



– 1



FPGx_clk = 500 MHz

LEB Resolution = 8/500 MHz = 16 ns Steps

Desired LEB Time = T

LEB

= 1 µS

LEB[15:3] is shifted left 3 to yield LEB[15:0] written to PGxLEBL.

LEB[15:0] = 0x01E8.

4.2.7.2 Leading-Edge Blanking PCI Configuration

The LEB counter produces an “LEB active” signal that is supplied to the acceptance qualifier and/or termination

qualifier selection multiplexers of the PCI blocks. This allows the LEB timer to be used as a gating signal for the

selected PCI or PCI terminator signal. The polarity of the acceptance qualifier and termination qualifier signals can be

inverted using the PCI control bits, so that the “LEB active” signal is changed to “LEB inactive”. It is recommended

that the Latched PCI Acceptance mode be used when using LEB, so that the LEB active signal can only affect entry

or exit to/from the PCI active state. Auto-termination can also be used to ‘reset’ the system after the Fault condition

has cleared.

Example LEB initialization sequence:

1. Select the type PCI to use for LEB (y = CL, FF, Fault).

2. Select the PCI input using the PSS[4:0] (PGxyPCIL[4:0]) bits. This is typically connected to a comparator to

sense overcurrent.

3. Select LEB as the acceptance qualifier using the AQSS[2:0] (PGxyPCIL[10:8]) bits.

4. Invert the acceptance qualifier using the AQPS (PGxyPCIL[11]) bit.

5. Configure logic for Latched mode using the ACP[2:0] (PGxyPCIH[10:8]) bits.

6. Select auto-terminate using the TREM[2:0] (PGxyPCIL[14:12]) bits.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

4.2.8 Override

The override feature can be used to take control of the PWM outputs and force certain conditions onto the pins. User

software can override the output states of the pins by wring a ‘ ’ to the OVRENH and OVRENL control bits located in1

the PGxIOCONL register. The state of the pins when overridden will be that of the value written to OVRDAT[1:0],

unless it conflicts with restrictions imposed by the given output mode. Most constraints are in Complementary mode

and are discussed in .4.2.3.1 Complementary Output Mode

The OVRDAT[1:0] and OVRENH/L control bits are double-buffered for flexibility. The OSYNC[1:0] control bits in the

PGxIOCONL register specify when the user override values are applied to the PWM outputs. Manual software

overrides can be applied at the following times:

• At the start of a new PWM cycle

• Immediately (or as soon as possible)

• As configured by the UPDMOD[2:0] control bits

Details of the UPDMOD[2:0] bits are discussed in 4.2.11 Data Buffering.

4.2.9 ADC Triggers

Each PWM Generator has the capability to trigger multiple ADCs, either internal or external to the device. ADC

triggers are based on the TRIGA, TRIGB and TRIGC compare events for timing within the PWM cycle. The ADC

triggers are also used as triggers for other peripherals and functions, such as the PTG, DAC and interrupts. The ADC

triggers are also made available externally through the Event Output block (see ) or4.3.6 PWM Event Outputs

internally in conjunction with the CPU interrupt controller.

Multiple TRIGx sources may be enabled to create the ADC trigger output, and when enabled, are logically OR’d

together. If the multiple TRIGx registers are enabled to produce ADC trigger events, they must be configured to allow

unique trigger events to the ADC.

Each PWM Generator can generate two ADC triggers: ADC Trigger 1 and ADC Trigger 2. The two trigger outputs are

useful for SMPS applications, where it is often desirable to measure two quantities in a single cycle. Each trigger is

connected to a separate ADC, or possibly, a separate ADC trigger input. The ADC Trigger 1 output has an additional

offset and postscaler function to allow these functions:

• Postscaler, to reduce the frequency of ADC trigger events.

• Offset, a one-time offset may be applied to ADC trigger events. This allows postscaled

trigger events to be interleaved with trigger events from other PWM Generators.

Trigger events from ADC Trigger 2 will be produced every PWM cycle. ADC Trigger 1 output may be postscaled

using the ADTR1PS[4:0] control bits (PGxEVTL[15:11]) to reduce the frequency of ADC conversions. In addition, the

ADC Trigger 1 output can be offset by a certain number of trigger events using the ADTR1OFS[4:0] control bits

(PGxEVTH[4:0]). Together, these two sets of control bits allow the user to establish an interleaved set of ADC triggers

from multiple PWM Generators. In addition, ADC trigger events may be simply postscaled to reduce the frequency of

ADC measurements. If the ADTR1PS[4:0] control bits are set to ‘ ’, an ADC trigger event will be produced on00000

every PWM cycle. When these control bits are set to a non-zero value, an ADC trigger will be produced during the

PWM cycle after the ON bit is set and every N cycles thereafter. The ADTR1OFS[4:0] bits value establishes a one-

time offset of 0 to 15 trigger events after the ON bit has been set. After this offset has been established, the trigger

postscaler will begin to count the number of trigger events determined by the ADTR1PS[4:0] bits value. When

interleaving ADC triggers from multiple PWM Generators, all PWM Generators should be programmed to have the

same period to ensure consistent spacing between the trigger events.

4.2.10 Event Selection Block

Each PWM Generator has a logic block for events, triggers and interrupts. These signals are then used by the Event

Output block (see ) or as the trigger source to start a PWM cycle (SOCS[3:0]). The Event4.3.6 PWM Event Outputs

Selection block has three main functions:

• ADC trigger configuration

• PWM Generator trigger

• Interrupts

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

4.2.10.1 PWM Generator Trigger Output

One of the PWM Generator internal events may be selected to drive the PWM Generator trigger output. The PWM

Generator trigger output signal is selected using the PGTRGSEL[2:0] bits (PGxEVTL[2:0]) with the selection being

either EOC or one of the three TRIGx compare events. Using one of the TRIGx as a SOC trigger for another PWM

Generator is useful for implementing a variable phase PWM. The phase relationship between two different PWM

Generators can be controlled by the value written to the TRIGx registers.

4.2.10.2 Event Interrupts

The PWM event that causes a CPU interrupt is programmable for flexibility. The IEVTSEL[1:0] control bits

(PGxEVTH[9:8]) allow the user to select one of the following:

• EOC (default)

• TRIGA compare event

• ADC Trigger 1 event

• None (disabled)

The Event Selection block also contains interrupt enables for each of the four PCI blocks. The SIEN, FFIEN, CLIEN

and FLTIEN bits in the PGxEVTH register are used to independently enable interrupts for their respective PCI block.

When IEVTSEL[1:0] are set to disabled, the PCI interrupts can still be used independently.

Figure 4-29. Event Selection Block

PCI Fault

PCI Current Limit

PCI Feed-Forward

PCI Sync

EOC

Trig A

ADC Trig 1

None

IEVTSEL<1:0>

PWMx Interrupt

4.2.11 Data Buffering

The PWM module allows for certain SFR data values to be buffered and applied to the PWM output at later events.

The following user registers and/or bits are buffered, allowing the user to modify data while the PWM Generator

operates on the previous set of data values:

• PGxPER

• PGxPHASE

• PGxDC

• PGxTRIGA

• PGxTRIGB

• PGxTRIGC

• PGxDT

• SWAP

• OVRDAT[1:0] (software output override values)

• OVRENL/H (software output override enables)

Data are transferred from the SFR registers to the internal PWM registers at the start of a PWM cycle. This can be

every one, two or four timer cycles, depending on the PWM Generator mode and the Output mode. It may be

required that a register be updated immediately to produce an immediate change in a power converter operation. In

other cases, it may be desirable to hold off the buffer update until some external event occurs where data coherency

between multiple PWM Generators is of concern. The module supports the user to specify when the contents of the

SFRs associated with a PWM Generator are transferred into the “active” internal registers. Available options are:

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

• Immediately

• At the beginning of the next PWM cycle

• As part of a larger group

The [2:0] control bits in the PGxCONH register determine the operating mode for register updates. TheUPDMOD

UPDATE status bit in the PGxSTAT register allows visibility to when register updates are complete and changes may

be applied. When UPDATE = , the user software may write new values to the PWM Data registers and set the0

UPDREQ bit when done. Setting the UPDREQ bit ‘commits’ the new values to the PWM Generator and user software

can not modify PWM data values until the bit is cleared by hardware.

In order to avoid extra CPU cycles, the data updates can be configured to be automatically performed on a write to

one of the PWM Data registers. The register is selected using the UPDTRG[1:0] bits in the PGxEVTL control register.

The default selection is that the UPDREQ bit must be manually set in software. A write to the PGxDC register can

trigger an update, since many applications frequently change the duty cycle of the PWM. The PGxPHASE and

PGxTRIGA registers may also be chosen as update triggers. These registers may be modified on a frequent basis in

variable phase applications. The register that is selected as the update trigger must be the last one to be written if

several PWM Data registers are to be updated. The PWM Data registers should not be modified once the UPDATE

bit becomes set. User software must wait for the PWM hardware to clear the UPDATE bit before the Data registers

can be modified again.

4.2.11.1 Synchronizing Multiple PWM Generator Buffer Updates

The MSTEN control bit (PGxCONH[11]) allows the PWM Generator to control register updates in other PWM

Generators. The UPDREQ control and UPDATE status bits can be effectively broadcast to other PWM Generators to

allow coherent register updates among a set of PWM Generators that controls a common function. When MSTEN is

set and user software (or the PWM Generator hardware) sets the UPDREQ control bit, this event will be broadcast to

all other PWM Generators. If UPDMOD[2:0] = in a PWM Generator that receives the request, the receiving01x

module will set its local UPDREQ bit. The local UPDATE status bit will then be cleared when the local registers have

been updated. The user software may set a local UPDREQ bit manually.

Table 4-5. PWM Data Register Update Modes

UPDMOD[2:0] Mode Description

000 SOC Update Data registers at start of next PWM cycle if UPDREQ = . The UPDATE1

status bit will be cleared automatically after the update occurs. ( )1

001 Immediate Update Data registers immediately, or as soon as possible, if UPDREQ = . The1

UPDATE status bit will be cleared automatically after the update occurs.

010 Client

SOC

Update Data registers at start of next cycle if a host update request is received. A

host update request will be transmitted if MSTEN = and UPDREQ = for the1 1

requesting PWM Generator.

011 Client

Immediate

Update Data registers immediately, or as soon as possible, when a host update

request is received. A host update request will be transmitted if MSTEN = and1

UPDREQ = for the requesting PWM Generator.1

Note:

1. The UPDREQ bit must be set at least three sys_clk cycles, followed by three PGx_clk cycles, followed by

another three sys_clk cycles, before the next PWM cycle boundary in order to take effect. Otherwise, the data

update will be delayed until the following PWM cycle.

For the purpose of Data register updates, a PWM cycle length is variable. A PWM cycle may comprise one, two or

four timer cycles, depending on the PWM operating mode and the Output mode that is selected. The PWM Data

registers may be updated on the next, second or fourth timer cycle when a SOC update has been requested. Table

4-6 summarizes the number of timer cycles between each SOC update vs. the PWM Generator operating mode and

the Output mode. For additional information on the timing of update events, refer to the chapter pertaining to the

selected PWM mode.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Table 4-6. Timer Cycles per Data Register Update

PWM Mode Output Mode Timer Cycles

per PWM Cycle

Timer Cycles

per Interrupt

and Data Register

Update

Independent Edge, Dual PWM or Variable

Phase

Independent Output,

Complementary

1 1

Independent Edge, Dual PWM or Variable

Phase

Push-Pull 2 2

Center-Aligned Independent Output,

Complementary

2 2

Center-Aligned Push-Pull 4 4

Double Update Center-Aligned or Dual Edge

Center-Aligned

Independent Output,

Complementary

2 1

Double Update Center-Aligned or Dual Edge

Center-Aligned

Push-Pull 4 1

4.2.11.2 Immediate Updates

When using Immediate Update mode, there may be latency from the time of commanding a change, to it getting

applied. This mode applies changes as soon as possible to prevent unexpected results.

Immediate update of period value updates to the PGxPER value become effective instantaneously. Care should be

taken when the PWM period is shortened. If the PWM time base has already counted beyond the new (shorter) PWM

period value, a long period will result as the counter must now count to 0xFFFF and then roll over. If immediate

updates are required, the best practice is to capture the time base value prior to the period update so a safe minimum

period value may be calculated and written.

IMMEDIATE UPDATES TO DUTY CYCLE, PHASE OFFSET

Immediate updates to the duty cycle will be delayed until the next cycle if the PWM pulse is already complete. If the

PWM pulse is shortened by writing a smaller duty cycle, and the time base has already counted beyond the new duty

cycle value (but has not reached the count value of the original duty cycle), the falling edge compare time will be

missed. This will result in a 100% duty cycle for the current PWM period.

For phase updates, if the new PWM pulse is still in progress and the value is greater than the existing phase offset

value, the new value becomes active immediately. Care should be taken when the phase offset of the PWM pulse is

reduced or the length of the PWM pulse is extended. If immediate updates are required, the best practice is to

capture the time base value prior to the duty cycle, or phase update, so that a safe value can be calculated and

written. If the phase offset is shortened, and the time base has already counted beyond the compare time for the new

phase offset, a 0% duty cycle will result for the current PWM period.

Figure 4-30 shows two examples of a correction during immediate updates. The PWM period is relatively short in

these examples and a large duty cycle adjustment is made to emphasize how the correction works. In both

examples, the duty cycle is decreased from 75% to 25% (0x7F) at approximately the mid point of the PWM cycle. In

both cases, the time base has already elapsed beyond the compare time for 25% duty.

In the first case, the immediate update write occurs at approximately 55% duty cycle. The PWM pulse is truncated

immediately because the PWM time base is at least 0x8F. The programmed duty cycle is 0x7F, so the value of 0x80

provides a true ‘greater than’ comparison when compared to 0x7F. In the second case, the immediate update write

occurs just beyond the time of the newly programmed duty cycle. The PWM pulse is not truncated until the time base

reaches a value of 0x0080 and the ‘greater than’ comparison becomes true.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Figure 4-30. Immediate Update Correction Examples

1FF

Old Duty Desired

Immediate Update

New Duty

01FF

Old Duty Desired

Immediate Update

New Duty

007F

Case 1: PWM Pulse Truncated Immediately

Case 2: PWM Pulse Truncated

after ‘Greater than’ Compare is True

008F

PWM

Timer

PWMx

PWM

Timer

PWMx

IMMEDIATE UPDATE TO DEAD TIME

If a DT blanking is in progress and an immediate update to the DT occurs, the actual dead time after the update will

be extended. This extension is due to the DT counter being reloaded before it has expired. Future dead-time delays

after the immediate update will be the new time, as expected.

4.2.12 Time Base Capture

A time base capture feature is provided as the PWM timer itself is not directly readable. When the timer value is

needed, it may be captured and read via the PGxCAP register. There are two methods to capture a value: either

manually with software or with hardware on a PCI event. The [2:0] control bits (PGxIOCONH[14:12]) areCAPSRC

used to select either a manual capture or one of the four PCI blocks as the trigger for a time base capture.

To manually capture the timer value, write a ‘ ’ to PGxCAP[0]. The CAP status bit (PGxSTAT[5]) will set to indicate1

the capture is complete and then the user may read the PGxCAP register to determine the time base value at the

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

time of the hardware event. A read operation of PGxCAP will clear the CAP status bit. No further captures are

allowed until user software reads the PGxCAP register, Similarly, when A PCI block is used to capture a time base

event, a read operation is needed to reset the logic to allow a subsequent capture event. It is recommended to read

the CAP status bit to verify it is set before reading PGxCAP. This is to avoid a read of the PGxCAP register at same

time as PWM hardware is writing it. An alternative method is to schedule reads with an interrupt to avoid concurrent

access.

There will be up to four time base clock cycles of latency between the time of the actual event that caused the

capture and the actual time base value that is captured. This delay is due to synchronization and sampling delays.

Time base capture example:

1. Read the CAP status bit and verify CAP is ‘ ’ (no pending capture).0

2. Initiate capture event (SW or PCI).

3. Poll the CAP status bit and wait for it to set to indicate data are ready.

4.2.13 Operation in Debug Mode

When halting program flow using the debugger, the PWMx output pins can be left in a state that may be harmful to

the hardware. To avoid this, logic is included to force the pins to a predetermined state, defined by the DBDAT[1:0]

bits (PGxIOCONL[1:0]). The pin states are still subject to the priority of overrides, as shown in Table 4-3 Table and

4-4.

4.3 Common Features

4.3.1 Master Data Registers

The PWM module has a set of common Data registers that can be optionally assigned to multiple PWM Generators:

• MDC: Master Duty Cycle register

• MPER: Master Period register

• MPHASE: Master Phase register

These master registers allow user software to affect the operation of multiple PWM Generators by writing one Data

PWM Generator will use the local Data registers or the Master Data registers.

4.3.2 LFSR – Linear Feedback Shift Register

The Linear Feedback Shift register (LFSR) is a pseudorandom number generator that provides 15-bit values, which

can be used in applications to modify either the duty cycle and/or period, by a small amount, to dither the

corresponding switching edges of the application circuit’s power transistors. This dithering can be useful in reducing

peak EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) emissions.

Each read of the LFSR register will result in a new update of the LFSR value. The LFSR initializes at a Power-on

Reset to 0x0000, and for successive reads, follows the deterministic sequence shown in Table 4-7. It has the

equivalent circuit, as shown in , which implements a Fibonacci form LFSR based on the primitiveFigure 4-31

polynomial: x 15 + x14 + 1 over GF(2). The circuit is modified by a Zero-Detect circuit that causes the 0x0000 value to

be followed by 0x0001. Subsequent reads of the LFSR will cycle through all 15-bit values, other than 0x0000, before

repeating. The high bit of the LFSR output is always ‘ ’.0

If the same LFSR value is to be used for multiple calculations, then the value read from the LFSR register should be

saved in a temporary location for this purpose.

Successive readings of one particular bit of the LFSR forms a Pseudonoise (PN) sequence with an impulse auto-

correlation function (shifted versions of the PN sequence are uncorrelated) and may be useful for dithering

applications. The entire 15-bit LFSR value has auto-correlation properties that may be undesirable in some

applications as a source of pseudorandom noise; its use should be validated in the end application.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Table 4-7. LFSR Successive Read Sequence

0x0000, 0x0001, 0x0002, 0x0004, 0x0008, 0x0010, 0x0020, 0x0040, 0x0080, 0x0100, 0x0200, 0x0400, 0x0800,

0x1000, 0x2000, 0x4001, 0x0003, 0x0006, 0x000c, 0x0018, 0x0030, 0x0060, 0x00c0, 0x0180, 0x0300, 0x0600,

0x0c00, 0x1800, 0x3000, 0x6001, 0x4002, 0x0005, 0x000a, 0x0014, 0x0028, 0x0050, 0x00a0, 0x0140, 0x0280, ...,

0x5557, 0x2AAF, 0x555F, 0x2ABF, 0x557F, 0x2AFF, 0x55FF, 0x2BFF, 0x57FF, 0x2FFF, 0x5FFF, 0x3FFF, 0x7FFF,

0x7FFE, 0x7FFC, 0x7FF8, 0x7FF0, 0x7FE0, 0x7FC0, 0x7F80, 0x7F00, 0x7E00, 0x7C00, 0x7800, 0x7000, 0x6000,

0x4000, 0x0001, 0x0002, 0x0004, 0x0008, ....

Figure 4-31. LFSR Block Diagram

All Zero-Detect

DQ0

CLK Q

DQ1

CLK Q

DQ2

CLK Q

DQ3

CLK Q

DQ4

CLK Q

DQ5

CLK Q

DQ6

CLK Q

DQ7

CLK Q

DQ8

CLK Q

DQ9

CLK Q

DQ10

CLK Q

DQ11

CLK Q

DQ12

CLK Q

DQ13

CLK Q

DQ14

CLK Q

To SFR Read Multiplexer

4.3.3 Shared Clocking

The PWM clocking system has two additional clock features to support a wide variety of applications. Each PWM

generator’s clock selection (CLKSEL[1:0]) can independently select the pwm_master_clk, or a divided or scaled

version of it.

4.3.3.1 Clock Divider

A common clock divider circuit is available for use by all PWM Generators and allows a PWM Generator to be

operated at a low frequency. Four different divider ratios may be selected using the DIVSEL[1:0] control bits

(PCLKCON[5:4]). The clock divider circuit remains in a low-power state if none of the PWM Generators have

requested it.

4.3.3.2 Frequency Scaling

Frequency scaling provides the ability to drop clocks to effectively stretch the period or duty cycle and is useful for

resonant power control applications that require a variable frequency control input. The clock input for the frequency

scaling circuit is chosen using the MCLKSEL[1:0] bits (PCLKCON[1:0]). The frequency scaling clock output is

available to each PWM Generator and can be selected using the CLKSEL[1:0] control bits (PGxCONL[4:3]).

The FSCL (Frequency Scale) and FSMINPER (Frequency Scaling Minimum Period) registers specify the amount of

frequency scaling and are read/writable at all times. The frequency scaling circuit performs modulo arithmetic where

the FSCL value is constantly accumulated until the sum is larger than the FSMINPER register value. When the sum

becomes larger than the FSMINPER register value, a clock pulse is produced and the accumulated value is reduced

by the value in the FSMINPER register, as shown in .Figure 4-32

Note that the frequency scaling signal is applied only to the PWM time base counter, and does not affect the

operation of the dead time or the LEB counters. The frequency scaling circuit remains in a low-power state if not

selected by any of the PWM Generators. When in High-Resolution mode, frequency scaling cannot be used.

Example: Frequency Scaling Calculation

FFSCL = (FSCL/FSMINPER) * F PWM

Where:

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

FSCL ≤ FSMINPER

Figure 4-32. Frequency Scaling Examples

50 100 50 1000

Accumulator

1 PWM Clock Period

100

FSMINPER

10050

FSCL

Overflow

Adjust

Overflow

Adjust

Overflow

Adjust

Clock Out

75 50 25 1000Accumulator

1 PWM Clock Period

100

FSMINPER

5075

FSCL

Overflow

Adjust

Clock Out

Overflow

Adjust

Overflow

Adjust

Overflow

Adjust

Overflow

Adjust

Note: When the frequency scaling circuit is selected as a PWM Generator clock source, the PWM Generator

receives two clocks. One clock is the raw clock used to operate the frequency scaling circuit itself. This clock is also

used to operate the dead-time counter and LEB counter within the PWM Generator. The second clock is the output of

the frequency scaling circuit. This clock is used to operate the PWM time base counter.

4.3.4 Combinatorial Logic Output

The combinatorial logic output feature can be used to generate control signals for synchronous rectification or other

applications. One or more PWM Generators can be used to output a logic function, with programmable input

selections and logic functions. When assigned to a PWM output, the combinational logic function replaces the PWM

signal that would normally be connected to that pin. The number of Combinatorial Logic Output blocks is device-

dependent. Refer to the device-specific data sheet for availability. The controls include:

• Input sources (PWMSxy)

• Input polarity (SxyPOL)

• Logic AND, OR, XOR function (PWMLFy)

• Output destination (PWMLFyD)

Note: An ‘x’ in a bit name denotes Input Source ‘1’ or ‘2’. A ‘y’ denotes a function instance (A-F).

An example of a device with six registers and combinatorial logic output functions, A-F, is shown in LOGCONy Table

4-8.

Table 4-8. Combinatorial Logic Instance Mapping

LOGCONA A PWM2H-PWM8H

LOGCONB B PWM2L-PWM8L

LOGCONC C PWM2H-PWM8H

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

...........continued

LOGCOND D PWM2L-PWM8L

LOGCONE E PWM2H-PWM8H

LOGCONF F PWM2L-PWM8L

Figure 4-33 shows the combinatorial logic function block diagram.

Figure 4-33. Combinatorial Logic Function Block Diagram

S1yPOL

PWMS1y

PWMxH

PWMxL

Logic

PWMLFyD

PWMx

Out

S2yPOL

PWMS2y

PWMxH

PWMxL

Source 1

Source 2

Note: When using combinatorial logic, the two inputs from the PWM Generators must operate from the same clock

source; otherwise, the outputs may not be valid.

The minimum pulse width of the combinatorial output is device-specific and may be limited by the device pins.

The PWM Generator outputs selected as the source inputs are taken before the PWMxH and PWMxL output polarity

control, POLH/POLL (PGxIOCONH[1:0]). If no destination is selected, the combinatorial logic is disabled. The output

destination is grouped into pairs, where the odd LOGCONy registers (Instances A, C and E) can be assigned only to

the PWMxH output pins, and even LOGCONy registers (Instances B, D and F) assigned only to the PWMxL pins.

Only PWM2-PWM8 can use combinatorial logic output; PWM1 is not available. More than one instance (A-F) of a

combinatorial logic output can be assigned to a single PWM output if desired. In the case that multiple combinatorial

logic functions have been enabled and assigned to the same PWM output, the function with the lowest letter value

will take priority.

4.3.5 Combinatorial Triggers

Complex triggering algorithms can be created using the combinatorial trigger feature. There are two independent

combinatorial trigger circuits, A and B. This feature allows trigger outputs from multiple PWM Generators to be

combined into a single trigger signal, to be used as the trigger source for another PWM Generator.

The input signals used as sources for the combinatorial trigger logic are the trigger outputs selected by the

PGTRGSEL[2:0] control bits in each PGxEVTL control register. This trigger output can either be End-of-Cycle (EOC)

or one the three PGxTRIGy (y = A, B or C) compare events. These trigger output signals can be enabled and

logically OR’d together by setting the appropriate bits in the / registers. The CombinatorialCMBTRIGH CMBTRIGL

Trigger A and Combinatorial Trigger B outputs are then made available on the PWM Control Input (PCI) logic input

multiplexers, and routed through the PCI logic for synchronization. Finally, the signal can then be selected as a PWM

Generator’s input trigger. A block diagram showing an example is shown in . See Figure 4-34 4.2.4 PWM Generator

Triggers for details on triggering.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Figure 4-34. Combinatorial Triggers Block Diagram, Example of Instance A

PG1 Trigger

PG2 Trigger

PGn Trigger

CMBTRIGA

Sync

PCI

PGx Trigger

Output

Input

Selected by

PGTRGSEL<2:0>

Selected by

PGTRGSEL<2:0>

Selected by

PGTRGSEL<2:0>

4.3.6 PWM Event Outputs

The PWM event output feature provides a mechanism to interface various PWM signals and events to other

peripherals and external devices. The PWM event output logic provides a way to select and condition an event from

any of the PWM Generators. Each PWM Event Output block has the following configuration options:

• PWM Generator instance (PG1…PG8)

• Choice of signal from PWM Generator

• Pulse stretching

• Output signal polarity

• System clock synchronization

• Output enable for the signal

Each PWMEVTy register contains controls for a PWM event output. A device may have multiple instances (A-F) of

the PWMEVTy registers, resulting in four or more total PWM event outputs. Refer to the device-specific data sheet for

availability.

The EVTySEL[3:0] (PWMEVTy[7:4]) bits select the signal to be used by the Output block. The default source is the

selection determined by PGTRGSEL[2:0] (PGxEVTL[2:0]). For additional information on these signals and

configuring the ADC triggers, see . The EVTyPGS[2:0] bits (PWMEVTy[2:0]) are then4.2.10 Event Selection Block

used to select which of the eight PWM Generator’s event signal is to be used.

Some of the event signals running at high speed have short pulses that may not be detected by other circuits and

would make it impossible, for example, to connect a PWM event signal to an off-chip destination. A pulse stretching

circuit can be used to extend the duration of the pulse by setting the EVTySTRD bit (PWMEVTy[13]). If

synchronization is desired to the main PWM clock domain, the EVTySYNC bit (PWMEVTy[12]) can be set. The

EVTyPOL (PWMEVTy[14]) control is provided to invert the polarity of the event signal. Finally, an output enable bit,

EVTyOEN (PWMEVTy[15]), is provided for control over the output pin PWMEy.

The PWM event output can also generate a system interrupt. An interrupt can be generated from any of the various

triggers and events that are input into the Event Output block. A block diagram of the event output function is shown

in .Figure 4-35

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Figure 4-35. PWM Event Output Function

PG8 Event Signals

PG2 Event Signals

PG1 Event Signals

•

Pulse

Stretch

Sync

sys_clk

Rising Edge Detect

Interrupt Event

To Other Device

Peripherals

Event Signal

Selection

PWM Generator

Selection

EVTyPGS<2:0> EVTySTRD

EVTySYNC

EVTyOEN

EVTyPOL

PWMEy

EVTySEL<3:0>

4.4 Lock and Write Restrictions

The LOCK bit (PCLKCON[8]) may be set in software to block writes to certain registers. A special system-dependent

lock/unlock sequence is required to set or clear the LOCK bit. Refer to the device-specific data sheet for the unlock

sequence. The following Table 4-9 details write access and register modification restrictions. In general, modifications

to configuration controls should not be done while the module is running, as indicated by the ON bit (PGxCONL[15])

being set.

Caution should be used when modifying data registers (Period, Duty Cycle and Phase) as behavior may be

dependent on the specific mode of operation used. Refer to the applicable PWM mode within .4.2.2 PWM Modes

Also see 4.2.11 Data Buffering regarding data buffering for further details, including the UPDATE bit (PGxSTAT[4]).

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

Table 4-9. PWM Register Map (Lock and Write Restrictions)

Name Bit

Range Bit Names

PCLKCON 15:8 HRRDY HRERR — — — — — LOCK

7:0 — — DIVSEL[1:0] (2) — — MCLKSEL[1:0](2)

FSCL(5) 15:8 FSCL[15:8]

7:0 FSCL[7:0]

FSMINPER (5) 15:8 FSMINPER[15:8]

7:0 FSMINPER[7:0]

MPHASE(3) 15:8 MPHASE[15:8]

7:0 MPHASE[7:0]

MDC(3) 15:8 MDC[15:8]

7:0 MDC[7:0]

MPER (5) 15:8 MPER[15:8]

7:0 MPER[7:0]

LFSR(6) 15:8 — LFSR[14:8]

7:0 LFSR[7:0]

CMBTRIGL(4) 15:8 — — — — — — — —

7:0 CTA8EN (4) CTA7EN (4) CTA6EN (4) CTA5EN (4) CTA4EN (4) CTA3EN (4) CTA2EN (4) CTA1EN(4)

CMBTRIGH(4) 15:8 — — — — — — — —

7:0 CTB8EN (4) CTB7EN (4) CTB6EN(4) CTB5EN (4) CTB4EN (4) CTB3EN(4) CTB2EN (4) CTB1EN (4)

LOGCONyL(4) 15:8 PWMS1A[3:0] PWMS2A[3:0]

7:0 S1APOL S2APOL PWMLFA[1:0] — PWMLFAD[2:0]

LOGCONyH (4) 15:8 PWMS1B[3:0] PWMS2B[3:0]

7:0 S1BPOL S2BPOL PWMLFB[1:0] — PWMLFBD[2:0]

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

...........continued

Name Bit

Range Bit Names

PWMEVTyL 15:8 EVT1OEN EVT1POL EVT1STRD EVT1SYNC — — — —

7:0 EVT1SEL[3:0] — EVT1PGS[2:0]

PWMEVTyH 15:8 EVT2OEN EVT2POL EVT2STRD EVT2SYNC — — — —

7:0 EVT2SEL[3:0] — EVT2PGS[2:0]

PGxCONL 15:8 ON r — — — TRGCNT[2:0] (1)

7:0 HREN (2) — — CLKSEL[1:0](4) MODSEL[2:0] (1)

PGxCONH 15:8 MDCSEL (4) MPERSEL (4) MPHSEL (4) — MSTEN (4) UPDMOD[2:0]

7:0 TRIGMOD[1:0] (4)( — — SOCS[3:0] (4)

PGxSTAT 15:8 SEVT (5) FLTEVT(5) CLEVT(5) FFEVT(5) SAVT(6) FLTACT(6) CLACT(6) FFACT(6)

7:0 TRSET (5) TRCLR(5) CAP (5) UPDATE (5) — STEER (6) CAHALF(6) TRIG (5)

PGxIOCONL 15:8 CLMOD SWAP OVRENH OVRENL OVRDAT[1:0] OSYNC[1:0]

7:0 FLTDAT[1:0] CLDAT[1:0] FFDAT[1:0] DBDAT[1:0]

PGxIOCONH 15:8 — CAPSRC[2:0] (5) — — — DTCMPSEL (4)

7:0 — — PMOD[1:0] (2) PENH (2) PENL (2) POLH(2) POLL(2)

PGxEVTL 15:8 ADTR1PS[4:0] (4) ADTR1EN3 (4) ADTR1EN2 (4) ADTR1EN1 (4)

7:0 — — — UPDTRG[1:0] (4) PGTRGSEL[2:0] (4)

PGxEVTH 15:8 FLTIEN (5) CLIEN(5) FFIEN (5) SIEN(5) — — IEVTSEL[1:0](4)

7:0 ADTR2EN3 (4) ADTR2EN2 (4) ADTR2EN1 (4) ADTR1OFS[4:0] (4)

PGxFPCIL (4) 15:8 TSYNCDIS TERM[2:0] AQPS AQSS[2:0]

7:0 SWTERM PSYNC PPS PSS[4:0]

PGxFPCIH (4) 15:8 BPEN BPSEL[2:0] — ACP[2:0]

7:0 SWPCI SWPCIM[1:0] LATMOD TQPS TQSS[2:0]

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

...........continued

Name Bit

Range Bit Names

PGxCLPCIL (4) 15:8 TSYNCDIS TERM[2:0] AQPS AQSS[2:0]

7:0 SWTERM PSYNC PPS PSS[4:0]

PGxCLPCIH (4) 15:8 BPEN BPSEL[2:0] — ACP[2:0]

7:0 SWPCI SWPCIM[1:0] LATMOD TQPS TQSS[2:0]

PGxFFPCIL (4) 15:8 TSYNCDIS TERM[2:0] AQPS AQSS[2:0]

7:0 SWTERM PSYNC PPS PSS[4:0]

PGxFFPCIH (4) 15:8 BPEN BPSEL[2:0] — ACP[2:0]

7:0 SWPCI SWPCIM[1:0] LATMOD TQPS TQSS[2:0]

PGxSPCIL (4) 15:8 TSYNCDIS TERM[2:0] AQPS AQSS[2:0]

7:0 SWTERM PSYNC PPS PSS[4:0]

PGxSPCIH (4) 15:8 BPEN BPSEL[2:0] — ACP[2:0]

7:0 SWPCI SWPCIM[1:0] LATMOD TQPS TQSS[2:0]

PGxLEBL(4) 15:8 LEB[15:8]

7:0 LEB[7:0]

PGxLEBH (4) 15:8 — — — — — PWMPCI[2:0]

7:0 — — — — PHR PHF PLR PLF

PGxPHASE (3) 15:8 PGxPHASE[15:8]

7:0 PGxPHASE[7:0]

PGxDC (3) 15:8 PGxDC[15:8]

7:0 PGxDC[7:0]

PGxDCA (3) 15:8 — — — — — — — —

7:0 PGxDCA[7:0]

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

...........continued

Name Bit

Range Bit Names

PGxPER (3) 15:8 PGxPER[15:8]

7:0 PGxPER[7:0]

PGxTRIGA (3) 15:8 PGxTRIGA[15:8]

7:0 PGxTRIGA[7:0]

PGxTRIGB (3) 15:8 PGxTRIGB[15:8]

7:0 PGxTRIGB[7:0]

PGxTRIGC (3) 15:8 PGxTRIGC[15:8]

7:0 PGxTRIGC[7:0]

PGxDTL(3) 15:8 — — DTL[13:8]

7:0 DTL[7:0]

PGxDTH (3) 15:8 — — DTH[13:8]

7:0 DTH[7:0]

PGxCAP (6) 15:8 PGxCAP[15:8]

7:0 PGxCAP[7:2] 0 0

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘ ’; r = reserved bit.0

Notes:

1. This bit(s) cannot be modified while on ON (PGxCONL[15]) = .1

2. This bit(s) or register(s) cannot be modified while LOCK (PCLKCON[8]) = . Avoid modifying this bit(s) when ON (PGxCONL[15]) = .1 1

3. This bit(s) or register(s) cannot be modified while UPDATE = .1

4. Avoid modifying this bit(s) or register(s) while ON (PGxCONL[15]) = .1

5. This bit(s) or register(s) can be freely modified while ON (PGxCONL[15]) = .1

6. Location is read-only. No write restrictions exist.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation

5. Application Examples

5.1 Six-Step Commutation of Three-Phase BLDC Motor

One method for controlling a three-phase Brushless DC (BLDC) is six-step commutation. Six-step commutation is

also called 120° commutation or trapezoidal control and uses six steps or ‘sectors’ over one electrical cycle to

energize a BLDC motor. Each sector is equivalent to 60 electrical degrees, with the six sectors resulting in 360

electrical degrees or one electrical cycle.

Sequencing through these steps moves the motor through one electrical cycle, which in mechanical terms,

corresponds to one pair of rotor magnet poles moving past stator windings. A given BLDC motor has a certain

number of pole pairs, defined by Np as a positive integer. If the motor is rotated one mechanical revolution, this

corresponds to Np electrical cycles. This yields one electrical cycle for a 2-pole motor, two electrical cycles for a 4-

pole motor, three electrical cycles for a 6-pole motor and so on.

A six-step commutation drive is typically implemented using a three-phase bridge circuit, as shown in .Figure 5-1

Each phase of the motor is connected to a half-bridge driver and controlled with a complementary PWM pair output.

At any given time in the six-step commutation scheme, only two of the three motor windings are energized. Current in

the motor winding flows from one phase to another, in either direction.

Figure 5-1. Three-Phase Bridge and Motor

VDC

PWM3H

PWM3L

PWM2H

PWM2L

PWM1H

PWM1L

Motor

Various PWM switching techniques can be employed for six-step commutation. The following Table 5-1 summarizes

the three schemes presented in this manual.

Table 5-1. PWM Switching Schemes for 6-Step Commutation

Scheme Technique Overview Advantage Disadvantage

Scheme1 High side of one active

phase and low side of the

other active phase driven

at any given time

Simplest scheme; no dead

time needed; low switching

loss

High-current ripple

Scheme2 One active phase driven

complementary and the

other active phase’s low

side is driven to 100% duty

cycle

Low switching loss Requires dead time

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

...........continued

Scheme Technique Overview Advantage Disadvantage

Scheme 3 Both active phases are

driven complementary

Lowest current ripple Higher switching loss and

requires dead time

5.1.1 Six-Step Commutation – PWM Scheme 1

In this PWM scheme, only two switches are active at any given time. Of the two active phases, one high-side and one

low-side switch is controlled with its phase’s corresponding PWM waveform, as shown in .Figure 5-2

Figure 5-2. Six-Step PWM Scheme 1 Waveform

SECTOR 6SECTOR 1 SECTOR 2 SECTOR 3 SECTOR 4 SECTOR 5

PWM1H

PWM1L

PWM2H

PWM2L

PWM3H

PWM3L

PWM

Since only one switch needs to be driven at a time on a given phase, Independent PWM Output mode is used. The

output override feature is then used to suppress the unused output. A three-phase scheme is implemented using

PWM Generator 1 (PG1) configured as host and the other two PWM Generators (PG2 and PG3) configured as

clients. PG1 is self-triggered, whereas PG2 and PG3 are triggered from PG1’s Start-of-Cycle (SOC). Enabling PG1

will start the system in a synchronized fashion.

Configuration Summary:

• Independent Edge PWM mode

• Independent Output mode

• Master Period and Duty Cycle Used

• Override State is drive low

Example 5-1. Six-Step PWM Scheme 1 Code

#include<stdint.h>

uint16_t state = 0;

uint16_t PWMState1[6] = {0x1000, 0x1000, 0x3000, 0x2000, 0x2000, 0x3000};

uint16_t PWMState2[6] = {0x2000, 0x3000, 0x1000, 0x1000, 0x3000, 0x2000};

uint16_t PWMState3[6] = {0x3000, 0x2000, 0x2000, 0x3000, 0x1000, 0x1000};

int main()

{

……………………

………………………

……………………………

PWMInitialization();

while(1)

{

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

for(state = 0;state < 6;state++)

{

Delay();

PG1IOCONL = PWMState1[state];

PG2IOCONL = PWMState2[state];

PG3IOCONL = PWMState3[state];

}

void PWMInitialization(void)

{

/* Set PWM MASTER Period */

MPER = 10000;

/* Set Duty Cycle - 25% */

MDC = 2500;

/* Set Phase shift - No phase shift */

MPHASE = 0;

/* Select PWM Generator duty cycle register as MDC */

/* Select PWM Generator period register as MPER */

/* Select PWM Generator phase register as MPHASE */

/* PWM Generator broadcasts software set of UPDREQ */

/* control bit and EOC signal to other PWM Generators. */

/* PWM buffer update mode is at start of next PWM cycle if UPDREQ = 1 */

/* PWM generator operates in single trigger mode */

/* Start of cycle is local EOC */

PG1CONH = 0xE800;

/* PWM Generator is disabled */

/* PWM Generator uses Master Clock selected by

* the PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL bits */

/* PWM Generator operates in Independent Edge PWM mode*/

PG1CONL = 0x0008;

/* PWM Generator Output Mode is Independent Mode */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxH output pin */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxL output pin */

PG1IOCONH = 0x001C;

/* Override is enabled on PWMxH/L with OVRDAT = 0b00,

* turning OFF PWM outputs */

/* User output overrides are synchronized to next start of cycle */

PG1IOCONL = 0x3000;

/* PGxTRIGA register compare event is enabled as trigger source

* for ADC Trigger 1 */

/* A write of the PGxDC register automatically sets the UPDREQ bit */

/* PWM generator trigger output is EOC*/

PG1EVTL = 0x0108

/* Select PWM Generator Duty Cycle Register as MDC */

/* Select PWM Generator Period Register as MPER */

/* Select PWM Generator Phase Register as MPHASE */

/* PWM generator does not broadcast UPDATE status bit or

* EOC signal to other PWM generators */

/* PWM Buffer Update Mode is client immediate*/

/* PWM generator operates in Single Trigger Mode */

/* Start of Cycle is PG1 trigger output selected

* by PG1EVTbits.PGTRGSEL<2:0> bits */

PG2CONH = 0xE301;

/* PWM Generator is enabled */

/* PWM Generator uses Master Clock selected by

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

* the PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL bits */

/* PWM Generator operates in Independent Edge PWM mode*/

PG2CONL = 0x8008;

/* PWM Generator Output Mode is Independent Mode */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxH output pin */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxL output pin */

PG2IOCONH = 0x001C;

/* Override is enabled on PWMxH/L with OVRDAT = 0b00,

* turning OFF PWM outputs */

/* User output overrides are synchronized to next start of cycle */

PG2IOCONL = 0x3000;

/* Select PWM Generator Duty Cycle Register as MDC */

/* Select PWM Generator Period Register as MPER */

/* Select PWM Generator Phase Register as MPHASE */

/* PWM generator does not broadcasts UPDATE status bit or EOC signal

* to other PWM generators */

/* PWM Buffer Update Mode is client immediate*/

/* PWM generator operates in Single Trigger Mode */

/* Start of Cycle is PG1 trigger output selected by

* PG1EVTbits.PGTRGSEL<2:0> bits */

PG3CONH = 0xE301;

/* PWM Generator is enabled */

/* PWM Generator uses Master Clock selected by the PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL bits */

/* PWM Generator operates in Independent Edge PWM mode*/

PG3CONL = 0x8008;

/* PWM Generator Output Mode is Independent Mode */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxH output pin */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxL output pin */

PG3IOCONH = 0x001C;

/* Override is enabled on PWMxH/L with OVRDAT = 0b00, turning OFF PWM

outputs */

/* User output overrides are synchronized to next start of cycle */

PG3IOCONL = 0x3000;

/* Enable PWM generator 1, starting all PWM generators together */

PG1CONLbits.ON = 1;

}

5.1.2 Six-Step Commutation – PWM Scheme 2

In this PWM scheme, three switches are used to control the two active phases. In a given sector, one active phase is

driven with a complementary PWM waveform and the other active phase has only its low side driven low at 100%

duty cycle, as shown in . Like Scheme 1, overrides are used to control the outputs in each sector.Figure 5-3

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

Figure 5-3. Six-Step PWM Scheme 2 Waveform

SECTOR 6SECTOR 1 SECTOR 2 SECTOR 3 SECTOR 4 SECTOR 5

PWM1H

PWM1L

PWM2H

PWM2L

PWM3H

PWM3L

PWM

In this scheme, Complementary Output mode is used and overridden as needed in each sector. The same three-

phase host/client synchronization technique is used as in Scheme 1.

Configuration Summary:

• Independent Edge PWM mode

• Complementary Output mode

• Master Period and Duty Cycle Used

• Override State is Dependent on Sector State

• Dead time is applied to the Complementary PWM Signal

Example 5-2. Six-Step PWM Scheme 2 Code

#include<stdint.h>

uint16_t state = 0;

uint16_t PWMState1[6] = {0x1000, 0x1000, 0x3000, 0x2000, 0x2000, 0x3000};

uint16_t PWMState2[6] = {0x2000, 0x3000, 0x1000, 0x1000, 0x3000, 0x2000};

uint16_t PWMState3[6] = {0x3000, 0x2000, 0x2000, 0x3000, 0x1000, 0x1000};

int main()

{

……………………………

/* Function call to initialize PWM module */

PWMInitialization();

while(1)

{

for(state = 0; state < 6; state++)

{

/* Delay is used to simulate BLDC commutation; In practical

application, commutation state transition will be based on feedback

from Motor */

Delay();

PG1IOCONL = PWMState1[state];

PG2IOCONL = PWMState2[state];

PG3IOCONL = PWMState3[state];

}

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

}

void PWMInitialization(void)

{

/* MASTER clock source is selected as High Speed PLL clock */

PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL = 0b00;

/* Set PWM Period */

MPER = 10000;

/* Set Duty Cycle - 25% */

MDC = 2500;

/* Set Phase shift - No phase shift */

MPHASE = 0;

/* Select PWM Generator Duty Cycle Register as MDC */

/* Select PWM Generator Duty Cycle Register as MPER */

/* Select PWM Generator Duty Cycle Register as MPHASE */

/* PWM Generator broadcasts software set of UPDREQ control */

/* bit and EOC signal to other PWM Generators. */

/* PWM Buffer Update Mode is at start of next PWM cycle if UPDREQ = 1 */

/* PWM generator operates in Single Trigger Mode */

/* Start of Cycle is local EOC */

PG1CONH = 0xE800;

/* PWM Generator is disabled */

/* PWM Generator uses Master Clock selected by the PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL bits */

/* PWM Generator operates in Independent Edge PWM mode */

PG1CONL = 0x0008;

/* PWM Generator Output Mode is Complementary Mode */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxH output pin */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxL output pin */

PG1IOCONH = 0x000C;

/* Override is enabled on PWMxH/L with OVRDAT = 0b00, turning OFF PWM

outputs */

/* User output overrides are synchronized to next start of cycle */

PG1IOCONL = 0x3000;

/* PGxTRIGA register compare event is enabled as trigger source for ADC

Trigger 1 */

/* A write of the PGxDC register automatically sets the UPDREQ bit */

/* PWM generator trigger output is EOC*/

PG1EVTL = 0x0108

/* Select PWM Generator Duty Cycle Register as MDC */

/* Select PWM Generator Period Register as MPER */

/* Select PWM Generator Phase Register as MPHASE */

/* PWM generator does not broadcast UPDATE status bit or EOC signal

* to other PWM generators */

/* PWM Buffer Update Mode is client immediate*/

/* PWM generator operates in Single Trigger Mode */

/* Start of Cycle is PG1 trigger output selected by

* PG1EVTbits.PGTRGSEL<2:0> bits */

PG2CONH = 0xE301;

/* PWM Generator is enabled */

/* PWM Generator uses Master Clock selected by the PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL bits */

/* PWM Generator operates in Independent Edge PWM mode*/

PG2CONL = 0x8008;

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

/* PWM Generator output operates in Complementary Mode */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxH output pin */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxL output pin */

PG2IOCONH = 0x000C;

/* Override is enabled on PWMxH/L with OVRDAT = 0b00, turning OFF PWM

outputs */

/* User output overrides are synchronized to next start of cycle */

PG2IOCONL = 0x0300;

/* Select PWM Generator Duty Cycle Register as MDC */

/* Select PWM Generator Period Register as MPER */

/* Select PWM Generator Phase Register as MPHASE */

/* PWM generator does not broadcast UPDATE status bit or EOC signal

* to other PWM generators */

/* PWM Buffer Update Mode is client immediate*/

/* PWM generator operates in Single Trigger Mode */

/* Start of Cycle is PG1 trigger output selected by

* PG1EVTbits.PGTRGSEL<2:0> bits */

PG3CONH = 0xE301;

/* PWM Generator is enabled */

/* PWM Generator uses Master Clock selected by the PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL bits */

/* PWM Generator operates in Independent Edge PWM mode*/

PG3CONL = 0x8008;

/* PWM Generator Output Mode is Complementary Mode */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxH output pin */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxL output pin */

PG3IOCONH = 0x000C;

/* Override is enabled on PWMxH/L with OVRDAT = 0b00, turning OFF PWM

outputs */

/* User output overrides are synchronized to next start of cycle */

PG3IOCONL = 0x0300;

/* Enable PWM generator 1 ; starting all PWM generators together */

PG1CONLbits.ON = 1;

}

5.1.3 Six-Step Commutation – PWM Scheme 3

In this PWM scheme, four switches are driven in a given sector. Two pairs of complementary PWM outputs are

applied to the two active phases. The inactive phase is overriden low as needed, as shown in .Figure 5-4

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

Figure 5-4. Six-Step PWM Scheme 3 Waveform

SECTOR 6SECTOR 1 SECTOR 2 SECTOR 3 SECTOR 4 SECTOR 5

PWM1H

PWM1L

PWM2H

PWM2L

PWM3H

PWM3L

PWM

In this scheme, Center-Aligned PWM mode is used with dead time to prevent high current during switching

transitions. The two active phases are driven 180 degrees out of phase to one another using the SWAP feature.

Configuration Summary:

• Center-Aligned PWM mode

• Complementary Output mode

• Master Period and Duty Cycle Used

• Override and SWAP State are Dependent on Sector State

• Dead time is applied to the Complementary PWM Signal

Example 5-3. Six-Step PWM Scheme 3 Code

unsigned int state = 0,cycleCount = 0;

unsigned int PWMState1[6] = {0x0000, 0x0000, 0x3000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x7000};

unsigned int PWMState2[6] = {0x4000, 0x7000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x3000, 0x4000};

unsigned int PWMState3[6] = {0x3000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x7000, 0x0000, 0x0000};

int main(void)

{

..............................................................

/* Function call to initialize PWM(PG1- PG3) Generators */

PWMInitialization();

/* To Update Duty cycle values to PG1-PG3,add two lines of code written

below(In this example setting 50% Duty Cycle):

After writing MDC register set Update request bit PG1STATbits.UPDREQ.

This will transfer MDC value to all the PWM generators PG1-PG3.

Note that Update Mode(UPDMOD) of PG2,PG3 is client EOC and

PG1 MSTEN bits is '1' */

MDC = 2500;

PG1STATbits.UPDREQ = 1;

/* Clear variables used in the _PWM1Interrupt() */

state = 0;

cycleCount = 0;

/* Enable PWM Generator 1 Interrupt */

_PWM1IE = 1;

while (1)

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

{

}

void PWMInitialization(void)

{

PCLKCON = 0x0000;

/* PWM Clock Divider Selection bits

0b11 = 1:16 ; 0b10 = 1:8 ;0b01 = 1:4 ; 0b00 = 1:2*/

PCLKCONbits.DIVSEL = 0;

/* PWM Master Clock is clock source 0(Refer device data sheet for

details)*/

PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL = 0;

/* Lock bit: 0 = Write-protected registers and bits are unlocked */

PCLKCONbits.LOCK = 0;

/* Initialize Master Phase Register */

MPHASE = 0x0000;

/* Initialize Master Duty Cycle */

MDC = 0x0000;

/* Initialize Master Period Register */

MPER = 5000;

/* Initialize PWM GENERATOR 1 CONTROL REGISTER LOW */

/* Ensuring PWM Generator is disabled prior to configuring module */

/* Macro uses Master clock selected by the PCLKCON.MCLKSEL bits*/

/* Center-Aligned PWM mode(interrupt/register update once per cycle)*/

PG1CONL = 0x000C;

/* Initialize PWM GENERATOR 1 CONTROL REGISTER HIGH */

/* Macro uses the MDC register instead of PG1DC */

/* Macro uses the MPER register instead of PG1PER */

/* Macro uses the MPHASE register instead of PG1PHASE */

/* PWM Generator broadcasts software set of UPDREQ */

/* control bit and EOC signal to other PWM generators */

/* Update Data registers at start of next PWM cycle if UPDREQ = 1. */

/* PWM Generator operates in Single Trigger mode */

/* Start of Cycle Selection is Local EOC*/

PG1CONH = 0xE800;

/* Initialize PWM GENERATOR 1 I/O CONTROL REGISTER LOW */

/* PWM1H/L signals are mapped to their respective pins */

/* Override is enabled on PWMxH/L with OVRDAT = 0b00,

turning OFF PWM outputs */

/* User output overrides via the OVRENL/H and OVRDAT<1:0> bits are

synchronized to the local PWM time base (next start of cycle)*/

PG1IOCONL = 0x3000;

/* Initialize PWM GENERATOR 1 I/O CONTROL REGISTER HIGH */

/* PWM Generator outputs operate in Complementary mode*/

/* PWM Generator controls the PWM1H output pin */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWM1L output pin */

/* PWM1H Output Polarity is active-high*/

/* PWM1L Output Polarity is active-high*/

PG1IOCONH = 0x000C;

/* Initialize PWM GENERATOR 1 EVENT REGISTER LOW*/

/* PG1TRIGA register compare event is enabled as trigger source for

ADC Trigger 1 */

/* User must set the PG1STATbits.UPDREQ bit (PGxSTAT<3>) manually */

/* EOC event is the PWM Generator trigger*/

PG1EVTL = 0x0100;

/* Initialize PWM GENERATOR 1 EVENT REGISTER HIGH */

/* Interrupts CPU at EOC*/

PG1EVTH = 0x0000;

/* Initialize PWM GENERATOR 1 STATUS REGISTER */

PG1STAT = 0x0000;

/* Initialize PWM GENERATOR 1 DEAD-TIME REGISTER LOW */

PG1DTL = 0x64;

/* Initialize PWM GENERATOR 1 DEAD-TIME REGISTER HIGH */

PG1DTH = 0x64;

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

/* Initialize PWM GENERATOR 1 TRIGGER A REGISTER */

PG1TRIGA = 0;

/* Initialize PWM GENERATOR 2 CONTROL REGISTER LOW */

/* Ensuring PWM Generator is disabled prior to configuring module */

/* Macro uses Master clock selected by the PCLKCON.MCLKSEL bits*/

/* Center-Aligned PWM mode(interrupt/register update once per cycle)*/

PG2CONL = 0x000C;

/* Initialize PWM GENERATOR 2 CONTROL REGISTER HIGH */

/* Macro uses the MDC register instead of PG2DC */

/* Macro uses the MPER register instead of PG2PER */

/* Macro uses the MPHASE register instead of PG2PHASE */

/* PWM Generator does not broadcast UPDATE status bit or EOC signal */

/* Client SOC :Update Data registers at start of next cycle if a host

update request is received

5.2 Three-Phase Sinusoidal Control of PMSM/ACIM Motors

Three-phase sinusoidal control applies voltages to the three-phase motor windings, which are Pulse-Width

Modulated to produce sinusoidal currents as the motor spins. This eliminates the torque ripple and commutation

spikes associated with trapezoidal commutation. Typically, Center-Aligned Complementary PWMs are used for

sinusoidal control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) or three-phase AC Induction Motor (ACIM).

Center-aligned PWM signals reduce the level of harmonics in output voltages and currents as compared to edge-

aligned PWMs. Three PWM Generators are connected to the three-phase power bridge driving the motor, as shown

in .Figure 5-1

PWM Generator 1 is configured as host, and PWM Generator 2 and PWM Generator 3 are configured as client

PWMs. PWM configuration used in three-phase sinusoidal control is summarized below:

• PG1-PG3: Uses master period and independent duty cycles

• PG1-PG3: PWM Operating mode is selected as Center-Aligned mode

• PG1-PG3: Configured to operate in Single Trigger mode

• PG1-PG3: PWM Output mode is configured as Complementary Output mode

• PG2-PG3: Uses PG1 trigger output as Start-of-Cycle, whereas PG1 is self-triggered

• PG2-PG3: Enabled during initialization

• PG1 is enabled only after configuring all the control registers; whenever PG1 is enabled, all the generators will

start in unison

Figure 5-5 shows the PWM waveforms for a given point in time. Center-Aligned mode uses two timer cycles to

produce a PWM cycle and maintains symmetry at the center of each PWM cycle. Each timer cycle can be tracked

using the status bit, CAHALF (PGxSTAT[1]), of the respective PWM Generator. The leading edge is produced when

CAHALF = and the falling edge is produced when CAHALF = . Note that with Center-Aligned mode, as long as0 1

the duty cycles are different for each phase, the switching instants occur at different times. (In Edge-Aligned mode,

the turn-on times are coincident.) This generally reduces electromagnetic interference.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

Figure 5-5. Three-Phase Center-Aligned Waveforms

MPER

PG1STAT

PWM1H

PWM1L

CAHALF

PG2STAT

CAHALF

PWM2H

PWM2L

PG3STAT

CAHALF

PWM3H

PWM3L

PG1DC

PG1DTH PG1DTL

PG2DC

PG3DTH PG3DTL

PG3DC

PG2DTLPG2DTH

Timer Cycle n Timer Cycle n + 1

PWM Cycle

SOC SOC

PWM Timer

Example 5-4. Three-Phase Sinusoidal PMSM/ACIM Motor Control Code

/* Master clock source is selected as High speed PLL clock */

PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL = 0b00;

/* Set PWM Phase Register - No phase shift */

MPHASE = 0;

/* Set PWM Period */

MPER = 5000;

/* Set PWM Duty Cycles */

PG1DC = 1250;

PG2DC = 2500;

PG3DC = 3750;

/* Set Dead Time Registers */

PG1DTL = 200;

PG1DTH = 200;

PG2DTL = 200;

PG2DTH = 200;

PG3DTL = 200;

PG3DTH = 200;

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

/* Select PWM Generator Duty Cycle Register as PG1DC */

/* Select PWM Generator Period Register as MPER */

/* Select PWM Generator Phase Register as MPHASE */

/* PWM Generator broadcasts software set of UPDREQ */

/* control bit and EOC signal to other PWM generators. */

/* PWM Buffer Update Mode is at start of next PWM cycle if UPDREQ = 1 */

/* PWM generator operates in Single Trigger Mode */

/* Start of Cycle is Local EOC */

PG1CONH = 0x6800;

/* PWM Generator is disabled */

/* PWM Generator uses Master Clock selected by

the PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL bits */

/* PWM Generator operates in Center-Aligned mode*/

PG1CONL = 0x000C;

/* PWM Generator Output operates in Complementary Mode */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxH output pin */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxL output pin */

PG1IOCONH = 0x000C;

/* PGxTRIGA register compare event is enabled as trigger source for

ADC Trigger 1 */

/* A write of the PGxDC register automatically sets the UPDREQ bit */

/* PWM generator trigger output is EOC*/

PG1EVTL = 0x0108;

/* Select PWM Generator Duty Cycle Register as PG2DC */

/* Select PWM Generator Period Register as MPER */

/* Select PWM Generator Phase Register as MPHASE */

/* PWM generator does not broadcast UPDATE status bit or EOC signal

to other PWM generators */

/* PWM Buffer Update Mode is client immediate*/

/* PWM generator operates in Single Trigger Mode */

/* Start of Cycle is PG1 trigger output selected by

PG1EVTbits.PGTRGSEL<2:0> bits */

PG2CONH = 0x6301;

/* PWM Generator is enabled */

/* PWM Generator uses Master Clock selected by

the PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL bits */

/* PWM Generator operates in Center-Aligned mode */

PG2CONL = 0x800C;

/* PWM Generator output operates in Complementary Mode */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxH output pin */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxL output pin */

PG2IOCONH = 0x000C;

/* Select PWM Generator Duty Cycle Register as PG3DC */

/* Select PWM Generator Period Register as MPER */

/* Select PWM Generator Phase Register as MPHASE */

/* PWM generator does not broadcast UPDATE status bit or EOC signal to

other PWM generators */

/* PWM Buffer Update Mode is client immediate*/

/* PWM generator operates in Single Trigger Mode */

/* Start of Cycle is PG1 trigger output selected by

PG1EVTbits.PGTRGSEL<2:0> bits */

PG3CONH = 0x6301;

/* PWM Generator is enabled */

/* PWM Generator uses Master Clock selected by the PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL bits */

/* PWM Generator operates in Center-Aligned mode */

PG3CONL = 0x800C;

/* PWM Generator output operates in Complementary Mode */

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxH output pin */

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

/* PWM Generator controls the PWMxL output pin */

PG3IOCONH = 0x000C;

/* Turning ON the PWM Generator 1;

Thus starting all the PWM modules in unison */

PG1CONLbits.ON = 1;

5.3 Simple Complementary PWM Output

This complementary PWM example uses a single PWM Generator and can be used for half-bridge applications. The

PWM is configured as follows:

• Independent Edge PWM mode

• Complementary Output mode

• Self-Triggered mode

Figure 5-6 shows the timing relations of the PWM signals. In this example, continuous triggering (local EOC) is used

in addition to a phase offset (PG1PHASE). Dead time is implemented to prevent simultaneous switch conduction.

Figure 5-6. Timing Diagram for Complementary and Local EOC Triggered PWM Output

PG1PER

PG1DC + PG1PHASE

PG1PHASE

SOC

PWM1H

PWM1L

PG1DTH PG1DTL

SOC

PWM Timer EOC EOC

PWM Period

SOC

PWM Period

Example 5-5. Complementary PWM Output Mode

/*PWM control register configuration*/

PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL = 3;

PG1CONLbits.CLKSEL = 1;

PG1CONLbits.MODSEL = 0b000; /*Independent edge triggered mode */

PG1CONH = 0x0000;

/*PWM Generator outputs operate in Complementary mode*/

/*PWM Generator controls the PWM1H and PWM1L output pins*/

/*PWM1H & PWM1L output pins are active high*/

PG1IOCONH = 0x000C;

/*PWM uses PG1DC, PG1PER, PG1PHASE registers*/

/*PWM Generator does not broadcast UPDATE status bit state or EOC signal*/

/*Update the data registers at start of next PWM cycle (SOC) */

/*PWM Generator operates in Single Trigger mode*/

/*Start of cycle (SOC) = local EOC*/

/*Write to DATA REGISTERS*/

PG1PER = 5000; /*PWM frequency is 100kHz*/

PG1DC = 1250; /* 25% duty*/

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

PG1PHASE = 500; /*Phase offset in rising edge of PWM*/

PG1DTH = 100; /*Dead time on PWMH */

PG1DTL = 100; /*Dead time on PWML*/

/*Enable PWM*/

PG1CONLbits.ON = 1; /*PWM module is enabled*/

5.4 Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit Mode

Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit mode is a widely adopted control strategy for power applications and motor control.

Current is measured and limited to a predetermined level using the internal comparator module. Cycle-by-Cycle

Current Limit mode control for BLDC motors can automatically limit motor phase currents to a predetermined

maximum value, using a comparator to provide an input to the PCI block. This has the advantage of allowing

operation to continue when the limit is reached, rather than triggering a Fault. The PWM is configured as follows:

• Independent Edge PWM mode

• Complementary Output mode

• Self-Triggered mode

The current limit PCI block logic is used to control the cycle truncation. The Leading-Edge Blanking feature is used to

filter out switching transients and slightly delays cycle truncation, as shown with the upper arrows in . TheFigure 5-7

duty cycle is truncated when the PCI active signal goes high.

To reset the PCI block for the next cycle, the PCI terminator is configured to detect the falling edge of the comparator

(CMP1 Out). The terminator signal is then synchronized to the End-of-Cycle (EOC) and the PCI active signal is reset,

as shown with the lower arrows in .Figure 5-7

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

Figure 5-7. Timing Diagram for Self-Triggered, Complementary Output and Current Limit Cycle-by-Cycle

PWM Modes

PG1PER

PWM1H

PWM1L

PG1DC + PG1PHASE

PG1PHASE

SOC SOCSOC

EOC EOC

LEB Active

PCI (CMP1 Out)

PCI Active

PCI Terminator

EOC Sync

PWM PeriodPWM Period

PG1DTLPG1DTH

PWM Timer

Example 5-6. Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit Mode

/*PWM control register configuration*/

PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL = 3;

PG1CONLbits.CLKSEL = 1;

PG1CONLbits.MODSEL = 0b000; /*Independent edge triggered mode */

PG1CONH = 0x0000;

/*PWM Generator outputs operate in Complementary mode*/

/*PWM Generator controls the PWM1H and PWM1L output pins*/

/*PWM1H & PWM1L output pins are active high*/

PG1IOCONH = 0x000C;

/*PWM uses PG1DC, PG1PER, PG1PHASE registers*/

/*PWM Generator does not broadcast UPDATE status bit state or EOC signal*/

/*Update the data registers at start of next PWM cycle (SOC) */

/*PWM Generator operates in Single Trigger mode*/

/*Start of cycle (SOC) = local EOC*/

/*Write to DATA REGISTERS */

PG1PER = 5000; /*PWM frequency is 100kHz */

PG1DC = 2500; /* 50% duty cycle*/

PG1PHASE = 500; /*Phase offset in rising edge of PWM*/

PG1DTH = 100; /*Dead time on PWMH */

PG1DTL = 100; /*Dead time on PWML*/

PG1LEBH = 0x0008; /* PHR=1, Rising edge of PWM1H will trigger

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

the LEB counter*/

PG1LEBL = 200; /*LEB=200*/

/*PCI logic configuration for current limit cycle by cycle mode, comparator 1

output as PCI source*/

PG1IOCONL = 0x0010;

/*CLDAT=0b01, 1 on PWM1L and 0 on PWM1H*/

PG1CLPCIL = 0x1A1B;

/* TERM=0b001, Terminate when PCI source transitions from active to inactive*/

/* TSYNCDIS=0, Termination of latched PCI delays till PWM EOC (for Cycle by

cycle mode) */

/*AQSS=0b010, LEB active is selected as acceptance qualifier */

/*AQPS=1, LEB active is inverted to accept PCI signal when LEB duration is

over*/

/*PSYNC=0, PCI source is not synchronized to PWM EOC so that current limit

resets PWM immediately*/

/*PSS=0bxxxx, ACMP1 out is selected as PCI source signal */

/*PPS=0; PCI source signal is not inverted*/

PG1CLPCIH = 0x0300;

/*ACP=0b011, latched PCI is selected as acceptance criteria to work when comp1

out is active*/

/*TQSS=0b000, No termination qualifier used so terminator will work straight

away without any qualifier*/

/*Enable PWM*/

PG1CONLbits.ON = 1; /*PWM module is enabled*/

5.5 External Period Reset Mode

External Period Reset mode for power control monitors inductor current and varies the PWM period to control power

delivery. When the inductor current returns to ‘ ’, the PWM cycle will restart. The PWM is configured as follows:0

• Independent Edge PWM mode

• Complementary Output mode

• Self-Triggered mode

The initial programmed PWM period may be shortened depending on the inductor current compared to a

predetermined trip point. The Sync PCI block is used to control cycle truncation. The comparator (CMP1 Out) output

is used as the input to the Sync PCI block and an inverted PWM1H signal is used as a qualifier to allow truncation

only on the duty cycle inactive time of a cycle, as shown by the arrows in . The PCI block is reset for theFigure 5-8

next cycle using the auto-terminate function.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

Figure 5-8. Timing Diagram for Self-Triggered, Complementary Output and Current Reset PWM Modes

PTPER

PWM1H

PWM1L

PG1DC

SOC

PCI A ivect

Accep ant ce

CMP1 Out

PCI Termi torna

PG1DTLPG1DTH

Q er (PWM1H)ualifi

SOC SOC

PG1DTH PG1DTL PG1DTH

Actual Pe P WM riod

Prog. PWM r dPe io

Act PWM dual Perio

Prog. PWM Period

Example 5-7. External Period Reset Mode

/*PWM control register configuration*/

PCLKCONbits.MCLKSEL = 3;

PG1CONLbits.CLKSEL = 1;

PG1CONLbits.MODSEL = 0b000; /*Independent edge triggered mode */

PG1CONH = 0x0040

/*PWM Generator outputs operate in Complementary mode*/

/*PWM Generator controls the PWM1H and PWM1L output pins*/

/*PWM1H & PWM1L output pins are active high*/

PG1IOCONH = 0x000C;

/*PWM uses PG1DC, PG1PER, PG1PHASE registers*/

/*PWM Generator does not broadcast UPDATE status bit state or EOC signal*/

/*Update the data registers at start of next PWM cycle (SOC) */

/*PWM Generator operates in Re-Triggerable mode*/

/*Start of cycle (SOC) = local EOC is OR'd with PCI sync*/

/*Write to DATA REGISTERS */

PG1PER = 5000; /*PWM frequency is 100kHz */

PG1DC = 1250; /*25%duty*/

PG1PHASE = 0; /*No Phase offset in rising edge of

PWM*/

PG1DTH = 100; /*dead time on PWMH */

PG1DTL = 100; /*dead time on PWML*/

PG1LEBH = 0x0008; /* PHR=1, Rising edge of PWM1H will

trigger the LEB counter*/

PG1LEBL = 200; /*LEB=200*/

/*PCI logic configuration for current reset (PCI sync mode), comparator 1

output (current reset signal) as PCI source and PWM1H falling edge as

acceptance qualifier+/

LOGCON1L = 0x0000;

/*PWM1out = PWM1H*/

PG1SPCIL = 0x942C;

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

/* TERM=0b001, Terminate when PCI source transitions from active to inactive*/

/* TSYNCDIS=1, Termination of latched PCI occurs immediately*/

/*AQSS=0b100, PWM1H is selected as acceptance qualifier because PWM should be

reset in OFF time */

/*AQPS=0, PWM1H is inverted to accept PCI signal when PWM1H on time is over*/

/*PSYNC=0, PCI source is not synchronized to PWM EOC so that current limit

resets PWM immediately*/

/*PSS=0b01100, ACMP1 out is selected as PCI source signal */

/*PPS=1; PCI source signal is inverted*/

PG1SPCIH = 0x0300;

/*ACP=0b011, Latched PCI is selected as acceptance criteria to work when comp1

out is active*/

/*TQSS=0b000, No termination qualifier used so terminator will work straight

away without any qualifier*/

/*Enable PWM*/

PG1CONLbits.ON = 1; /*PWM module is enabled*/

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Application Examples

6. Interrupts

The interrupt sources within the PWM system are routed to the CPU in one of two ways:

1. Through a shared signal for each PWM Generator (see ). The signals include:4.2.10.2 Event Interrupts

1.1. EOC event

1.2. TRIGA compare event

1.3. ADC Trigger 1 event

1.4. PCI_active event

2. Through the PWM Event Output block (see ) are various sources of interrupts that4.3.6 PWM Event Outputs

can be generated by the PWM module.

For example, a device which has eight PWM Generators and six PWM event outputs would have a total of fourteen

independent interrupt sources.

Since the PWM module can operate at a much higher frequency than the CPU system clock, care should be taken

with the interrupt event configuration. Successive interrupt events on the same interrupt vector, that occur at a rate

greater than the CPU can detect and service them, may result in missed processing and unexpected results. This

limitation is dependent on the relationship of the system clock frequency, PWM operating frequency and the

execution time of the Interrupt Service Routine (# of instructions is irrelevant, what matters is how long the ISR takes

to execute before it yields control back to the interrupted thread).

Interrupts from different sources that occur in close proximity to each other will also not be detected by the CPU as

separate interrupt events. Therefore, it is good software practice to check the PWM status flags to differentiate a PCI

interrupt event from a PWM time base interrupt. In some cases, it is desirable to separate different types of interrupt

events that could be produced by the PWM Generator. When multiple PWM Generators have been synchronized

together, it is possible to enable the time base interrupt on a separate PWM Generator that is synchronized to the

host PWM Generator. Using this method, the time base interrupt can be serviced by a separate interrupt vector. It is

also possible to bring various PWM event signals outside of the PWM module via the PWM Event blocks to an

external off-chip destination (see ).4.3.6 PWM Event Outputs

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Interrupts

7. Operation in Power-Saving Modes

This section discusses the operation of the High-Speed PWM module in Sleep mode and Idle mode.

7.1 Operation in Sleep Mode

When the device enters Sleep mode, the clocks available to the PWM are disabled. All enabled PWM output pins that

were in operation prior to entering Sleep mode will be frozen in their current output states. If the application circuit

can be damaged by this condition, the outputs must be placed into a safe state before executing the PWRSAV

instruction to enter Sleep mode.

7.2 Operation in Idle Mode

When the device enters Idle mode, the CPU is no longer clocked; however, the PWM remains clocked and

operational. If the PWM module is controlling a power conversion/motor control application, the action of putting the

device into Idle mode will cause any control loops to be disabled, and most applications will likely experience issues

unless they are explicitly designed to operate in an Open-Loop mode. It is recommended that the outputs be placed

into a safe state before executing the instruction to enter Idle mode.PWRSAV

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Operation in Power-Saving Modes

8. Related Application Notes

This section lists application notes that are related to this section of the manual. These application notes may not be

written specifically for the dsPIC33 device families, but the concepts are pertinent and could be used with

modification and possible limitations. The current application notes related to the High-Resolution PWM with Fine

Edge Placement module are:

No related application notes at this time.

Note: Please visit the Microchip website (www.microchip.com) for additional application notes and code examples

for the dsPIC33 families of devices.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Related Application Notes

9. Revision History

9.1 Revision A (August 2017)

This is the initial release of this document.

9.2 Revision B (February 2018)

Changed document header from dsPIC33CH_PWM to dsPIC33/PIC24 FRM.

Updated the Master Period Register and PGCxCONH Registers.

Updated Figure 4-10: PWMxH/PWMxL Rising and Falling Edges Due to Dead Time

Updated Section 4.3.10 Synchronizing Multiple PWM Generator Buffer

Updated the Six-Step PWM Scheme 1 Code example, Six-Step PWM Scheme 3 Code example and the Three-

Phase Sinusoidal PMSM/ACIM Motor Control Code example.

9.3 Revision C (February 2019)

Removed references to dsPIC33CH devices.

Changed bit brackets ([ ]).

Updated LOGCONy and PGxIOCONL registers

Updated Master Clocking, Clocking Synchronization, Shared Clocking, Push-Pull Output Mode, High-Resolution

Mode, PWM Event Outputs, Leading-Edge Blanking Period, Leading-Edge Blanking Counter Period Calculation and

High-Resolution Mode sections.

Added Clocking equations in Standard Resolution section. Added PWM Duty Cycle, Phase, Trigger and Dead-Time

Calculations, High Resolution equation in the High-Resolution Mode section.

Updated Leading-Edge Blanking Period equation.

Updated PWM Event Output Function figure.

Added Dead-Time Calculation in Standard Resolution example in the Dead Time section. Added Leading-Edge

Blanking in Standard and High Resolution. Added example in the Leading-Edge Blanking Counter Period Calculation

section. Added the High-Resolution Calculation example in the High-Resolution Mode section.

9.4 Revision D (December 2020)

Updated Figure 3-2: Single PWM Generator, Figure 3-3: Basic PWM Waveform, Figure 4-2: Independent Edge PWM

Mode, Figure 4-3: Variable Phase PWM Mode, Figure 4-5: Dual PWM Mode, Figure 4-6: Center-Aligned PWM Mode,

Figure 4-7: Double Update Center-Aligned Mode, Figure 4-8: Dual Edge Center-Aligned PWM Mode (MODSEL[2:0]

= ), Figure 4-9: Dual Edge Center-Aligned PWM Mode (MODSEL[2:0] = ), Figure 4-11: Override and SWAP110 111

Signal Flow, Complementary Mode, Figure 4-12: Push-Pull PWM, Figure 4-13: Push-Pull PWM: Center-Aligned

Mode, Dual Edge Center-Aligned Mode with One Update per Cycle (MODSEL[2:0] = ), Figure 4-14: Push-Pull110

PWM: Double Update Center-Aligned Mode, Dual Edge Center-Aligned Mode with Four Updates per Cycle

(MODSEL[2:0] = ), Figure 4-15: Override and SWAP Signal Flow, Push-Pull Output Mode, Figure 4-16: PCI111

Function Block Diagram, Figure 4-18: PWM Source Selection for PCI, Figure 4-19: Latch Mode Control, Figure 4-26:

PWMxH/PWMxL Rising and Falling Edges Due to Dead Time, Figure 4-27: Adding PGxDCA Value to the PGxDC

Waveforms, Figure 5-6: Timing Diagram for Complementary and Local EOC Triggered PWM Output and Figure 5-7:

Timing Diagram for Self-Triggered, Complementary Output and Current Limit Cycle-by-Cycle PWM Modes.

Added subsection: Output Behavior at Start-up in Complementary Mode.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Revision History

Updated Section 3. Architecture Overview, Section 4.1.1: Master Clocking, Section 4.1.3.1: Data Registers in High

Resolution, Section 4.2.2.2: Variable Phase PWM Mode, Section 4.2.2.3: Dual PWM Mode, Section 4.2.2.4: Center-

Aligned PWM Mode, Section 4.2.2.5: Double Update Center-Aligned PWM Mode, Section 4.2.3.1: Complementary

Output Mode, Section 4.2.3.3: Push-Pull Output Mode, Section 4.3.4: PWM Generator Triggers, Section 4.2.9: ADC

Triggers, Section 4.2.10: Event Selection Block, Section 4.2.10.2: Event Interrupts, Section 4.2.11.2: Immediate

Updates and Section 4.2.12: Time Base Capture.

Updated Table 4-1: PWM Data Registers, High-Resolution Mode.

Updated Example 5-1: Six-Step PWM Scheme 1 Code, Example 5-2: Six-Step PWM Scheme 2 Code and Example

5-4: Three-Phase Sinusoidal PMSM/ACIM Motor Control Code.

HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

Revision History

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HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

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HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

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HRPWM with Fine Edge Placement

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Tel: 86-21-3326-8000

China - Shenyang

Tel: 86-24-2334-2829

China - Shenzhen

Tel: 86-755-8864-2200

China - Suzhou

Tel: 86-186-6233-1526

China - Wuhan

Tel: 86-27-5980-5300

China - Xian

Tel: 86-29-8833-7252

China - Xiamen

Tel: 86-592-2388138

China - Zhuhai

Tel: 86-756-3210040

India - Bangalore

Tel: 91-80-3090-4444

India - New Delhi

Tel: 91-11-4160-8631

India - Pune

Tel: 91-20-4121-0141

Japan - Osaka

Tel: 81-6-6152-7160

Japan - Tokyo

Tel: 81-3-6880- 3770

Korea - Daegu

Tel: 82-53-744-4301

Korea - Seoul

Tel: 82-2-554-7200

Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur

Tel: 60-3-7651-7906

Malaysia - Penang

Tel: 60-4-227-8870

Philippines - Manila

Tel: 63-2-634-9065

Singapore

Tel: 65-6334-8870

Taiwan - Hsin Chu

Tel: 886-3-577-8366

Taiwan - Kaohsiung

Tel: 886-7-213-7830

Taiwan - Taipei

Tel: 886-2-2508-8600

Thailand - Bangkok

Tel: 66-2-694-1351

Vietnam - Ho Chi Minh

Tel: 84-28-5448-2100

Austria - Wels

Tel: 43-7242-2244-39

Fax: 43-7242-2244-393

Denmark - Copenhagen

Tel: 45-4485-5910

Fax: 45-4485-2829

Finland - Espoo

Tel: 358-9-4520-820

France - Paris

Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20

Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79

Germany - Garching

Tel: 49-8931-9700

Germany - Haan

Tel: 49-2129-3766400

Germany - Heilbronn

Tel: 49-7131-72400

Germany - Karlsruhe

Tel: 49-721-625370

Germany - Munich

Tel: 49-89-627-144-0

Fax: 49-89-627-144-44

Germany - Rosenheim

Tel: 49-8031-354-560

Israel - Ra’anana

Tel: 972-9-744-7705

Italy - Milan

Tel: 39-0331-742611

Fax: 39-0331-466781

Italy - Padova

Tel: 39-049-7625286

Netherlands - Drunen

Tel: 31-416-690399

Fax: 31-416-690340

Norway - Trondheim

Tel: 47-72884388

Poland - Warsaw

Tel: 48-22-3325737

Romania - Bucharest

Tel: 40-21-407-87-50

Spain - Madrid

Tel: 34-91-708-08-90

Fax: 34-91-708-08-91

Sweden - Gothenberg

Tel: 46-31-704-60-40

Sweden - Stockholm

Tel: 46-8-5090-4654

UK - Wokingham

Tel: 44-118-921-5800

Fax: 44-118-921-5820

Worldwide Sales and Service

Product specificaties

Merk:	Microchip
Categorie:	Niet gecategoriseerd
Model:	dsPIC33CK32MC102

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